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For example, a large "pan" cel depicting numerous characters from the finale of Who Framed Roger Rabbit sold for $50,600 at Sotheby's in 1989, including its original background. [4] [5] Disney Stores sold production cels from The Little Mermaid (their last film to use cels) at prices from $2,500 to $3,500, without the original backgrounds ...
Traditional animation (or classical animation, cel animation, or hand-drawn animation) is an animation technique in which each frame is drawn by hand. The technique was the dominant form of animation of the 20th century, until there was a shift to computer animation in the industry, such as digital ink and paint and 3D computer animation .
In 1934, the first entirely cel animated short entitled The Dance of the Chagamas was made. [12] Cel animated shorts of the mid 1930s borrowed aspects that were being used at the time by Disney. Towards the end of the decade, political events taking place at home as well as abroad were changing animation styles in Japan towards propaganda, and ...
Even animation that looked traditional was often created fully with computers, helped by for instance cel-shading techniques to replicate the desired look of traditional animation (true real-time cel-shading was first introduced in 2000 by Sega's Jet Set Radio for their Dreamcast console). By 2004, only small productions were still created with ...
Note: These franchise(s) below have significant numbers of titles with cel-shaded graphics. Atelier (Multi-decade JRPG & crafting hybrid series, started in 1997) Dragon Quest (Multi-decade franchise with JRPGs & other genres, started in 1986. Cel-shaded graphics approximately first seen in Dragon Quest VIII: Journey of the Cursed King (2004).)
The term "cel-shading" is popularly used to refer to the application of this "ink" outlining process in animation and games, although originally the term referred to the flat shading technique regardless of whether the outline was applied. [3] The Utah teapot rendered using cel shading: The back faces are drawn with thick lines
Earl Hurd (September 14, 1880 – September 28, 1940) was a pioneering American animator and film director.He is noted for creating and producing the silent Bobby Bumps animated short subject series for early animation producer J.R. Bray's Bray Productions.
By the 1920s, drawn animation using either cels or the slash system was firmly established in the U.S. as the dominant mode of animation production. Increasingly, three-dimensional forms such as clay were driven into relative obscurity as the cel method became the preferred method for the studio cartoon. [16]