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An ultra low temperature (ULT) freezer is a refrigerator that stores contents at −80 to −86 °C (−112 to −123 °F). [1] An ultra low temperature freezer is commonly referred to as a "minus 80 freezer" or a "negative 80 freezer", referring to the most common temperature standard. [2] ULT freezers come in upright and chest freezer formats.
While this technique was originally applied to the refrigerator compartment, it was later used for freezer compartment as well. A combined refrigerator/freezer which applies self-defrosting to the refrigerator compartment only is usually called "partial frost free" or semi-automatic defrost (some brands call these "Auto Defrost" while Frigidaire referred to their semi-automatic models as ...
Commercial refrigerator and freezer units were in use for almost 40 years prior to the common home models. The freezer-over-refrigerator style had been the basic style since the 1940s, until modern, side-by-side refrigerators broke the trend. A vapor compression cycle is used in most household refrigerators, refrigerator–freezers and freezers.
Direct cool is one of the two major types of techniques used in domestic refrigerators, the other being the "frost-free" type. Direct-cool refrigerators produce the cooling effect by a natural convection process from cooled surfaces in the insulated compartment that is being cooled. Water vapor that contacts the cooled surface freezes.
Refrigeration has many applications, including household refrigerators, industrial freezers, cryogenics, and air conditioning. [ 5 ] [ 6 ] [ 7 ] Heat pumps may use the heat output of the refrigeration process, and also may be designed to be reversible, but are otherwise similar to air conditioning units.
U.S. patent 2,535,682 was issued on December 26, 1950 – Prefabricated refrigerator construction. U.S. patent 2,581,956 was issued on January 8, 1952 – Refrigeration control device. U.S. patent 2,666,298 was issued on January 19, 1954 – Methods and means of defrosting a cold diffuser.