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The initial mass is the mass of the star prior to the supernova event, given in multiples of the Sun's mass, although the mass at the time of the supernova may be much lower. [102] Type IIn supernovae are not listed in the table.
SN 1054 remnant (Crab Nebula)A supernova is an event in which a star destroys itself in an explosion which can briefly become as luminous as an entire galaxy.This list of supernovae of historical significance includes events that were observed prior to the development of photography, and individual events that have been the subject of a scientific paper that contributed to supernova theory.
185 – Chinese astronomers become the first to record observations of a supernova, SN 185. 1006 – SN 1006, a magnitude −7.5 supernova in the constellation of Lupus, is observed throughout Asia, the Middle East, and Europe. 1054 – Astronomers in Asia and the Middle East observe SN 1054, the Crab Nebula supernova explosion.
This will happen only after an extremely long time because first, some (less than 0.1%) [73] matter will collapse into black holes, which will then evaporate extremely slowly via Hawking radiation. The universe in this scenario will cease to be able to support life much earlier than this, after some 10 14 years or so, when star formation ceases.
The timeline of the Universe lists events from its creation to its ultimate final state. For a timeline of the universe from the present to its presumed conclusion, ...
Insets at lower right show one epoch of Webb observations, while the inset at left shows a Webb image of the central supernova remnant released in 2023. "Even as a star dies, its light endures ...
By this time, the universe will have expanded by a factor of approximately 10 2554. [134] 1.1–1.2×10 14 (110–120 trillion) The time by which all stars in the universe will have exhausted their fuel (the longest-lived stars, low-mass red dwarfs, have lifespans of roughly 10–20 trillion years). [9]
The rate of supernova discovery steadily increased throughout the twentieth century. [51] In the 1990s, several automated supernova search programs were initiated. The Leuschner Observatory Supernova Search program was begun in 1992 at Leuschner Observatory. It was joined the same year by the Berkeley Automated Imaging Telescope program.