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Preclinical imaging is the visualization of living animals for research purposes, [1] such as drug development. Imaging modalities have long been crucial to the researcher in observing changes, either at the organ, tissue, cell, or molecular level, in animals responding to physiological or environmental changes.
Imaging lenses and digital cameras (CCD or CMOS) are used to produce the final image. Live video processing can also be performed to enhance contrast during fluorescence detection and improve signal-to-background ratio. In recent years a number of commercial companies have emerged to offer devices specializing in fluorescence in the NIR ...
Fluorescence imaging with one nanometer accuracy (FIONA): utilizes total internal reflection illumination to reduce noise and increase brightness of fluorophores [5] Calcium imaging: technique that utilizes fluorescent molecules called calcium indicators that change in fluorescence when bound to Ca 2+ ions. This is a key part in seeing when ...
Modern stationary preclinical SPECT systems can perform dynamic SPECT imaging with up to 15s time-frames during total body [5] and up to 1s time-frames during "focused" (e.g. focusing on heart) [16] image acquisitions. Fast pharmacokinetics: 15s-frame 99m Tc-MDP mouse SPECT scan acquired with a stationary SPECT system
In drug development, preclinical development (also termed preclinical studies or nonclinical studies) is a stage of research that begins before clinical trials (testing in humans) and during which important feasibility, iterative testing and drug safety data are collected, typically in laboratory animals.
Two-photon excitation microscopy of mouse intestine.Red: actin.Green: cell nuclei.Blue: mucus of goblet cells.Obtained at 780 nm using a Ti-sapphire laser.. Two-photon excitation microscopy (TPEF or 2PEF) is a fluorescence imaging technique that is particularly well-suited to image scattering living tissue of up to about one millimeter in thickness.
The design of an N-dimensional window particularly a 2-D window finds applications in various fields such as spectral estimation of multidimensional signals, design of circularly symmetric and quadrantally symmetric non-recursive 2D filters, [1] design of optimal convolution functions, image enhancement so as to reduce the effects of data ...
Just as movies, TV, and web videos are to a substantive extent no longer separate technologies, but only variations on common underlying digital themes, so, too, are the X-ray imaging modes, and indeed, the term "X-ray imaging" is the ultimate hypernym that unites all of them, even subsuming both fluoroscopy and four-dimensional CT (4DCT ...