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The free will theorem states: Given the axioms, if the choice about what measurement to take is not a function of the information accessible to the experimenters (free will assumption), then the results of the measurements cannot be determined by anything previous to the experiments. That is an "outcome open" theorem:
Nielsen–Schreier theorem (free groups) Orbit-stabilizer theorem (group theory) Schreier refinement theorem (group theory) Schur's lemma (representation theory) Schur–Zassenhaus theorem (group theory) Sela's theorem (hyperbolic groups) Stallings theorem about ends of groups (group theory) Superrigidity theorem (algebraic groups)
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English: This manuscript is a philosophical-religious work with citations from the Qur’an.The text of this copy dating from the early 19th century is written in a very small and poor quality Nastaʿlīq script with black ink on thin yellowish paper.
Dennett notes that there is no guarantee such an event will occur in an individual's life. If it does not, the individual does not in fact have free will at all, according to Kane. Yet they will seem the same as anyone else. Dennett finds an essentially indetectable notion of free will to be incredible.
The problem of free will has been identified in ancient Greek philosophical literature. The notion of compatibilist free will has been attributed to both Aristotle (4th century BCE) and Epictetus (1st century CE): "it was the fact that nothing hindered us from doing or choosing something that made us have control over them".
The neuroscience of free will encompasses two main fields of study: volition and agency. Volition, the study of voluntary actions, is difficult to define. [citation needed] If human actions are considered as lying along a spectrum based on conscious involvement in initiating the actions, then reflexes would be on one end, and fully voluntary actions would be on the other. [17]
If randomness affects a man (unsubjugated, reaching even the surface of his consciousness), then "unfree will" occurs. Thus, whenever we call something free, we feel something free, in short: wherever we feel our power, it is deterministic, it is a necessity. And indeed Nietzsche says it with the mouth of Zarathustra: