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Japanese ashigaru firing hinawajū.Night-shooting practice, using ropes to maintain proper firing elevation. Tanegashima (), most often called in Japanese and sometimes in English hinawajū (火縄銃, "matchlock gun"), was a type of matchlock-configured [1] arquebus [2] firearm introduced to Japan through the Portuguese Empire in 1543. [3]
Japan was at war during the Sengoku period between 1467 and 1600, as feudal lords vied for supremacy. [8] Matchlock guns were used extensively and had a decisive role in warfare. In 1549, Oda Nobunaga ordered 500 matchlocks to be made for his armies. The benefits of firearms were still relatively questionable however compared with other weapons.
In Japan, matchlocks continued to see military use up to the mid-19th century. In China, matchlock guns were still being used by imperial army soldiers in the middle decades of the 19th century. [21] There is evidence that matchlock rifles may have been in use among some peoples in Christian Abyssinia in the late Middle Ages.
Hōjutsu (砲術) / Teppojutsu (鉄砲術), the art of gunnery, is the martial art of Japan dedicated to Japanese black powder firearm usage. Hōjutsu is still practiced today, often with antique matchlock firearms such as the tanegashima. The martial art is most common in Japan where access to historical equipment is easier for practitioners.
Ashigaru wearing armor and jingasa firing tanegashima (Japanese matchlocks). Ashigaru (足軽, "light of foot") were infantry employed by the samurai class of feudal Japan.The first known reference to ashigaru was in the 14th century, [1] but it was during the Ashikaga shogunate (Muromachi period) that the use of ashigaru became prevalent by various warring factions.
Submachine guns Minebea 9mm Machine Pistol: Submachine gun: 9×19mm Parabellum Japan: Made by Minebea. Introduced in 1999, it is the only domestically produced submachine gun of the Japan Ground Self-Defense Force. It is derived from the Uzi. [6] Assault rifles and battle rifles Howa Type 89: Assault rifle: 5.56×45mm NATO Japan
It was the next major development in firearms technology after the matchlock, and the first self-igniting firearm. Its name is from its rotating steel wheel to provide ignition. Developed in Europe around 1500, it was used alongside the matchlock ( c. 1410s ), the snaplock ( c. 1540s ), the snaphance ( c. 1560s ), and the flintlock ( c. 1610s ).
Some people think that this kind of gun is superior to the Western and Japanese "Niao Chong" (鳥銃, Bird gun) and "Lu Mi Chong" (魯密銃, Rûm arquebus) in terms of power and performance. Liu Xianting, who lived at the end of the Ming dynasty, commented: [9] "Jiaozhi matchlock is the best of the world"