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Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) is a type of Escherichia coli and one of the leading bacterial causes of diarrhea in the developing world, [1] as well as the most common cause of travelers' diarrhea. [2] Insufficient data exists, but conservative estimates suggest that each year, about 157,000 deaths occur, mostly in children, from ETEC.
The bacteria enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) are typically the most common except in Southeast Asia, where Campylobacter is more prominent. [2] [3] About 10 to 20 percent of cases are due to norovirus. [3] Protozoa such as Giardia may cause longer term disease. [3] The risk is greatest in the first two weeks of travel and among young ...
The best known of these strains is O157:H7, but non-O157 strains cause an estimated 36,000 [citation needed] illnesses, 1,000 hospitalizations and 30 deaths in the United States yearly. [8] Food safety specialists recognize "Big Six" strains: O26; O45; O103; O111; O121; and O145. [8] A 2011 outbreak in Germany was caused by another STEC, O104 ...
Symptoms of the condition in women may consist of menstrual irregularities, amenorrhea, abnormal vaginal bleeding, and enlargement of the uterus and breasts. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] It may also present as isosexual precocity in children [ 1 ] [ 2 ] and as hypogonadism , gynecomastia , feminization , impotence , and loss of libido in males. [ 3 ]
The risk, incidence, and character of autoimmune disease in women may also be associated with female-specific physiological changes, such as hormonal shifts during menses, pregnancy, and menopause. [4] Common autoimmune symptoms experienced by both sexes include rashes, fevers, fatigue, and joint pain.
Some foods commonly associated with illness include raw or undercooked meat, poultry, seafood, and eggs; raw sprouts; unpasteurized milk and soft cheeses; and fruit and vegetable juices. [30] In the developing world, especially sub-Saharan Africa and Asia, cholera is a common cause of gastroenteritis.
In transgender women, estradiol valerate given by intramuscular injection is usually used at a dosage of 5 to 20 mg, but up to 30 to 40 mg, once every 2 weeks. [30] [31] [29] Estradiol valerate has also been used at a dose of 10 to 40 mg by intramuscular injection to limit bleeding in women with hemorrhage due to dysfunctional uterine bleeding.
In women, low levels of estrogen may cause symptoms such as hot flashes, sleeping disturbances, decreased bone health, [3] and changes in the genitourinary system. Hypoestrogenism is most commonly found in women who are postmenopausal , have primary ovarian insufficiency (POI), or are presenting with amenorrhea (absence of menstrual periods ).