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Roughness progression for a road in Texas, US. Blue dots show the times of maintenance. The international roughness index (IRI) is the roughness index most commonly obtained from measured longitudinal road profiles. It is calculated using a quarter-car vehicle math model, whose response is accumulated to yield a roughness index with units of ...
The pavement condition index (PCI) is a numerical index between 0 and 100, which is used to indicate the general condition of a pavement section.The PCI is widely used in transportation civil engineering [1] and asset management, and many municipalities use it to measure the performance of their road infrastructure and their levels of service. [2]
The present serviceability index (PSI) is a pavement performance measure.Introduced by the American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials (AASHTO), the PSI is one of the most widely used pavement performance indicators after pavement condition index (PCI) and international roughness index (IRI).
Surface roughness or simply roughness is the quality of a surface of not being smooth and it is hence linked to human perception of the surface texture. From a mathematical perspective it is related to the spatial variability structure of surfaces, and inherently it is a multiscale property.
hardness, Rockwell, A scale: See Rockwell scale. HRB: hardness, Rockwell, B scale: See Rockwell scale. HRC: hardness, Rockwell, C scale: See Rockwell scale. HRS: hot rolled steel: HT TR: heat treat, heat treatment: H&T or H/T or HT: hardened and tempered: A form of heat treatment in which the metal is first hardened and then tempered. Compare N&T.
Today TIR in its more inclusive expansion, "total indicator reading", concerns all kinds of features, from round to flat to contoured. One example of how the "total" emphasis can apply to flat surfaces as well as round ones is in the topic of surface roughness, where both peaks and valleys count toward an assessment of the magnitude of roughness.
This provides a method to calculate the roughness length by measuring the friction velocity and the mean wind velocity (at known elevation) in a given, relatively flat location (under neutral conditions) using an anemometer. [4] Of note is that, in this simplified form, the log wind profile is identical in form to the dimensional law of the wall.
Removing the copy/past violation flag. Looking at the comparison at , the identified sections are either technical phrases or names of organizations, such as "National Cooperative Highway Research Program," or cover definitions and other material that has been present in the article since as early as 2010 (five years prior to the publication of the thesis).