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Whereas dogs often appear healthy initially except for swollen lymph nodes, cats will often be physically ill. The symptoms correspond closely to the location of the lymphoma. The most common sites for alimentary (gastrointestinal) lymphoma are, in decreasing frequency, the small intestine , the stomach , the junction of the ileum , cecum , and ...
In 3 instances regression of these lesions occurred spontaneously within 3–4 weeks. In other instances the metastatic lesions of histiocytoma failed to regress and dogs were euthanized. The disease course in these cases extended over several months. Spread beyond lymph nodes to lung has also been observed in some of these cases.
Lymphadenopathy of the axillary lymph nodes can be defined as solid nodes measuring more than 15 mm without fatty hilum. [36] Axillary lymph nodes may be normal up to 30 mm if consisting largely of fat. [36] In children, a short axis of 8 mm can be used. [37]
Mastocytomas can form daughter tumors (metastases) to the (regional) lymph nodes responsible for the area as well as to other organs such as the liver, spleen, and bone marrow; other locations are very rare.[9] The metastasis rate for benign mastocytomas is less than 10%; for malignant tumors, it is more than 50%.
The tumor does not often metastasize (occurring in about less than 5 percent of cases), [18] except in puppies and immunocompromised dogs. Metastasis occurs to regional lymph nodes, [citation needed] but can also be seen in the skin, brain, eye, liver, spleen, testicle, rectum and muscle. [19] A biopsy is necessary for diagnosis.
Tumors that have spread to the lymph nodes or other parts of the body have a poor prognosis. Any dog showing symptoms of mastocytosis or with a grade III tumor has a poor prognosis. Dogs of the Boxer breed have a better than average prognosis because of the relatively benign behavior of their mast cell tumors. [10]
Progression of a Histocytoma on a French Bulldog Ear -2 months time A histiocytoma on the ear of a dog Canine Cutaneous Histiocytoma on a young boxer dog. A histiocytoma in the dog is a benign tumor. It is an abnormal growth in the skin of histiocytes (histiocytosis), a cell that is part of the immune system.
Dogs with noninvasive adenocarcinomas have an average survival time of two years, while dogs with invasive adenocarcinomas have an average survival time of one year. [11] Tumor size also affects the prognosis, in that dogs with tumors greater than five centimeters have a greater chance of lymph node metastasis. [12] Tumor type is also important.