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Altitudinal zones of Andes Mountains and corresponding communities of agriculture and livestock raised. Human populations have developed agricultural production strategies to exploit varying characteristics of altitudinal zones. Elevation, climate, and soil fertility set upper limits on types of crops that can reside in each zone.
The climate and ecology of different locations on the globe naturally separate into life zones, depending on elevation, latitude, and location.The generally strong dependency on elevation is known as altitudinal zonation: the average temperature of a location decreases as the elevation increases.
The life zone concept was developed by C. Hart Merriam in 1889 as a means of describing areas with similar plant and animal communities. Merriam observed that the changes in these communities with an increase in latitude at a constant elevation are similar to the changes seen with an increase in elevation at a constant latitude.
The South Temperate Zone, between the Tropic of Capricorn at 23°26′09.7″ S and the Antarctic Circle at 66°33′50.3″ S, covers 25.99% of Earth's surface. The South Frigid Zone, from the Antarctic Circle at 66°33′50.3″ S and the South Pole at 90° S, covers 4.12% of Earth's surface. Earth's climatic zones
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Snow zone, above 3,000 m (East Alps), alpine desert, scree, permafrost and above snow line. Roughly one quarter of the land lying between the summits of the Alps is available for cultivation. Of this low country, about one half may be vineyards and grain fields, while the remainder produces forage and grass .
There are multiple definitions of alpine climate. In the Köppen climate classification, the alpine and mountain climates are part of group E, along with the polar climate, where no month has a mean temperature higher than 10 °C (50 °F). [1] According to the Holdridge life zone system, there are two mountain climates which prevent tree growth :
The first recorded observation of the elevational diversity gradient was by Carl Linnaeus in his treatise On the growth of the habitable Earth.In this document, Linnaeus based his predictions on flood geology, assuming most of the world was at one point inundated, leaving only the highest elevations available for terrestrial life.