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Diagram showing the relationship between the zenith, the nadir, and different types of horizon.Note that the zenith is opposite the nadir. The nadir [a] [b] is the direction pointing directly below a particular location; that is, it is one of two vertical directions at a specified location, orthogonal to a horizontal flat surface.
"Common" here does not mean "ordinary", but "common to every situation" communibus locis: in common places: A term frequently used among philosophical and other writers, implying some medium, or mean relation between several places; one place with another; on a medium. "Common" here does not mean "ordinary", but "common to every situation"
The zenith (UK: / ˈ z ɛ n ɪ θ /, US: / ˈ z iː n ɪ θ /) [1] [2] is the imaginary point on the celestial sphere directly "above" a particular location. "Above" means in the vertical direction opposite to the gravity direction at that location . The zenith is the "highest" point on the celestial sphere.
Orthogonal (or perpendicular) – at a right angle (at the point of intersection). Elevation – along a curve from a point on the horizon to the zenith, directly overhead. Depression – along a curve from a point on the horizon to the nadir, directly below. Vertical – spanning the height of a body. Longitudinal – spanning the length of a ...
In astronomy, the meridian is the great circle passing through the celestial poles, as well as the zenith and nadir of an observer's location. Consequently, it contains also the north and south points on the horizon , and it is perpendicular to the celestial equator and horizon.
In topography, a nadir is a point on a surface that is lower in elevation than all points immediately adjacent to it. [1] Mathematically , a nadir is a local minimum of elevation. A nadir may be the lowest point of a dry basin or depression , or the deepest point of a body of water or ice .
In the Hebrew Bible, there is frequent reference to four cardinal directions. [5] The names of the directions seem to be associated with physical landmarks for the ancient Israelites living in the region of Judea, e.g. East is referred to as kedem, which may derive from "edom" ("red"), and may be a reference to the color of the rising dawn, or the red sandstone cliffs of the Land of Edom to ...
The crosshairs were adjusted until coincident with their reflection, and the line of sight was then perfectly vertical; in this position the circles were read for the nadir point. The telescope was next brought up to the approximate declination of the target star by watching the finder circle.