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The Enigma machine was invented by German engineer Arthur Scherbius at the end of World War I. [4] The German firm Scherbius & Ritter, co-founded by Scherbius, patented ideas for a cipher machine in 1918 and began marketing the finished product under the brand name Enigma in 1923, initially targeted at commercial markets. [5]
Cryptanalysis of the Enigma ciphering system enabled the western Allies in World War II to read substantial amounts of Morse-coded radio ... invented in the autumn of ...
A German Enigma key list with machine settings for each day of one month The working rebuilt bombe now at The National Museum of Computing on Bletchley Park. Each of the rotating drums simulates the action of an Enigma rotor. There are 36 Enigma-equivalents and, on the right-hand end of the middle row, three indicator drums.
It has sometimes been erroneously stated that Turing designed Colossus to aid the cryptanalysis of the Enigma. [4] (Turing's machine that helped decode Enigma was the electromechanical Bombe, not Colossus.) [5] The prototype, Colossus Mark 1, was shown to be working in December 1943 and was in use at Bletchley Park by early 1944. [1]
Scherbius' Enigma patent – U.S. patent 1,657,411, which was granted in 1928. Arthur Scherbius (30 October 1878 – 13 May 1929) was a German electrical engineer who invented the mechanical cipher Enigma machine. [1] He patented the invention and later sold the machine under the brand name Enigma.
On 1 February 1942, Enigma U-boat traffic became unreadable because of the introduction of a different 4-rotor Enigma machine. This situation persisted until December 1942, although other German naval Enigma messages were still being deciphered, such as those of the U-boat training command at Kiel. [62]
Over a million German naval messages were decrypted from the Enigma machines by Hut 8. [13] In the period before D-Day, Hut 8's work increased, as the team worked in conjunction with Hut 10. Their work involved decoding German weather signals, enabling Allied bombing raids in the time prior to the Normandy Landings.
Possibly the most important codebreaking event of the war was the successful decryption by the Allies of the German "Enigma" Cipher. The first break into Enigma was accomplished by Polish Cipher Bureau around 1932; the techniques and insights used were passed to the French and British Allies just before the outbreak of the war in 1939.