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Certificates of Puerto Rican citizenship are issued on request by the Puerto Rico State Department to confirm a person's citizenship status in Puerto Rico to any persons born on the island and subject to its jurisdiction, as well as to those born outside of the island that have at least one parent who was born on the island. [85]
The 1917 Jones–Shafroth Act made all Puerto Ricans US citizens, freeing them from immigration barriers. The massive migration of Puerto Ricans to the mainland United States was largest in the early and late 20th century, [35] prior to its resurgence in the early 21st century
Since 1948, it was decided by Congress that all Puerto Ricans, whether born within the United States or in Puerto Rico, were naturally born United States citizens. Puerto Ricans and other U.S. citizens residing in Puerto Rico cannot vote in presidential elections as that is a right reserved by the U.S. Constitution to admitted states and the ...
Despite being U.S. citizens, however, Puerto Ricans in the archipelago were and remain unable to participate in presidential elections, underscoring the second-class nature of their citizenship.
The Jones–Shafroth Act (Pub. L. 64–368, 39 Stat. 951, enacted March 2, 1917) – also known as the Jones Act of Puerto Rico, Jones Law of Puerto Rico, or as the Puerto Rican Federal Relations Act of 1917 – was an Act of the United States Congress, signed by President Woodrow Wilson on March 2, 1917.
Congress made Puerto Ricans U.S. citizens in 1917, about 19 years after taking control of the island. Later, when the island passed its 1952 constitution, Congress decided to make Puerto Rico a ...
The United States acquired Puerto Rico from Spain in 1898 after the Spanish-American War. The U.S. government bestowed American citizenship to the island's residents in 1917. Soon after World War II, the first large migration began to ease labor shortages on the U.S. mainland. There are now more Puerto Ricans in the U.S. than on the island.
Under the Constitution of Puerto Rico, Puerto Rico designates itself with the term Commonwealth and Puerto Ricans have a degree of administrative autonomy similar to citizens of a U.S. state and like the States, it has a republican form of government, organized pursuant to a constitution adopted by its people, and a bill of rights.