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There are many different methods used to calculate the numerical value for the individual Hebrew/Aramaic words, phrases or whole sentences. Gematria is the 29th of 32 hermeneutical rules countenanced by the Rabbis of the Talmud for valid aggadic interpretation of the Torah. [40]
The Hebrew numeric system operates on the additive principle in which the numeric values of the letters are added together to form the total. For example, 177 is represented as קעז which (from right to left) corresponds to 100 + 70 + 7 = 177. Mathematically, this type of system requires 27 letters (1–9, 10–90, 100–900).
Gematria, Jewish system of assigning numerical value to a word or phrase. Hebrew calendar; Hebrew numerals; Jewish and Israeli holidays 2000–2050; Lag BaOmer, 33rd day of counting the Omer. Notarikon, a method of deriving a word by using each of its initial letters. Sephirot, the 10 attributes/emanations found in Kabbalah.
The word rendered "count", ψηφισάτω, psephisato, has the same "pebble" root as the word isopsephy. [6] [7] Also in the 1st century AD, Leonidas of Alexandria created isopsephs, epigrams with equinumeral distichs, where the first hexameter and pentameter equal the next two verses in numerical value. He addressed some of them to Nero:
Unlike the Greek, the Hebrew alphabet's 22 letters allowed for numerical expression up to 400. The Arabic abjad's 28 consonant signs could represent numbers up to 1000. Ancient Aramaic alphabets had enough letters to reach up to 9000. In mathematical and astronomical manuscripts, other methods were used to represent larger numbers.
The practice within Jewish tradition of assigning mystical meaning to words based on their numerical values, and on connections between words of equal value, is known as gematria. [14] The Mandaean number alphasyllabary is also used for numerology (Mandaic: gmaṭ aria). The Book of the Zodiac is an important Mandaean text on numerology. [15]
Qoph is the nineteenth letter of the Semitic abjads, including Phoenician qōp 𐤒, Hebrew qūp̄ ק , Aramaic qop 𐡒, Syriac qōp̄ ܩ, and Arabic qāf ق . Its original sound value was a West Semitic emphatic stop, presumably . In Hebrew numerals, it has the numerical value of 100.
Mem (also spelled Meem, Meme, or Mim) is the thirteenth letter of the Semitic abjads, including Hebrew mēm מ , Aramaic mem 𐡌, Syriac mīm ܡ, Arabic mīm م , and Phoenician mēm 𐤌. Its sound value is [ m ] .