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In the Empire colonies became large centres for the settlement of army veterans, especially in Roman north Africa which had the largest density of Roman colonies per region in the Roman Empire, where the Italic population constituted more than one third of the total population during the second century AD. [citation needed]
Map showing Roman colonies as of the mid-2nd century AD. Augustus' "Roman coloniae" in north Africa are depicted in red. It was an old custom in ancient Italy to send out colonies for the purpose of securing new conquests.
It lists cities established and built by the ancient Romans to have begun as a colony, often for the settlement of citizens or veterans of the legions. Many Roman colonies in antiquity rose to become important commercial and cultural centers, transportation hubs and capitals of global empires.
Colonies were most often set up and colonized for exploitation and possibly settlement by colonists. [3] The term colony originates from the ancient Roman colonia, a type of Roman settlement. Derived from colonus (farmer, cultivator, planter, or settler), it carries with it the sense of 'farm' and 'landed estate'. [4]
Carthago (Cartage in ancient Tunisia): On the soil of destroyed Carthage, Roman Carthage was founded as "Colonia Junona" in 122 BC and refounded by Caesar in 45 BC. It was the "capital" of Roman Africa, with more than 300,000 inhabitants, and was fully destroyed by Arabs in 698 AD (who later founded nearby actual "Tunis")
Colonists enjoyed full Roman citizenship and were thus extensions of Rome itself. Beginning in 118 BC in Gallia Narbonensis, colonies began to be established in Rome's provinces, and from this point onwards coloniae were especially used for settling demobilized soldiers and in programs of agrarian reform.
Outside Rome, cities or colonies were led by decurions, also known as curiales. [154] Fragment of a sarcophagus depicting Gordian III and senators (3rd century) "Senator" was not itself an elected office in ancient Rome; an individual gained admission to the Senate after he had been elected to and served at least one term as an executive ...
6.3 Ancient Roman. 6.4 Carthage. 6.5 Chola (Tamil) 6.6 Curonian. 6.7 Genoese. ... This is a list of territories and polities that have been considered colonies ...