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Igneous rock (igneous from Latin igneus 'fiery'), or magmatic rock, is one of the three main rock types, the others being sedimentary and metamorphic. Igneous rocks are formed through the cooling and solidification of magma or lava. The magma can be derived from partial melts of existing rocks in either a planet's mantle or crust.
The result is a distinct boundary of very fine grain igneous rock along the border of the country rock. [3] The surrounding rock may be "baked" through contact metamorphism, resulting in non-foliated metamorphic rocks. [1] Rocks that were originally limestone, quartz sandstone, and shale become marble, quartzite, and hornfels, respectively.
Only a few of the largest large igneous provinces appear (coloured dark purple) on this geologic map, which depicts crustal geologic provinces as seen in seismic refraction data. A large igneous province ( LIP ) is an extremely large accumulation of igneous rocks , including intrusive ( sills , dikes ) and extrusive ( lava flows, tephra ...
Trachyte – Extrusive igneous rock – A silica-undersaturated volcanic rock; essentially a feldspathoid-bearing rhyolite; Troctolite – Igneous rock – A plutonic ultramafic rock containing olivine, pyroxene and plagioclase; Trondhjemite – Light-colored intrusive igneous rock – A form of tonalite where plagioclase-group feldspar is ...
Bedrock geologic map illustrating the main geologic regions of Minnesota. Igneous bodies lie across the northern half of the state, with intrusions throughout the northwest and basalts and other igneous rocks of the Duluth Complex and Beaver Bay Complex from the Midcontinent Rift System bordering Lake Superior in the northeast.
The igneous rocks of the Saint Francois Mts. are interpreted to be a series of caldera complexes, [8] similar in scale to the Yellowstone Caldera complex. However, it is debated whether the igneous activity was related to a hotspot, like Yellowstone, or whether it was related to an ancient subduction zone. [citation needed]
Magmatism is the emplacement of magma within and at the surface of the outer layers of a terrestrial planet, which solidifies as igneous rocks. It does so through magmatic activity or igneous activity, the production, intrusion and extrusion of magma or lava. Volcanism is the surface expression of magmatism.
Bushveld Igneous Complex geologic map and mine locations. The Bushveld Igneous Complex (BIC) is the largest layered igneous intrusion [1] [2] within the Earth's crust. [3] It has been tilted and eroded forming the outcrops around what appears to be the edge of a great geological basin: the Transvaal Basin.