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A newer class of drugs known as the NK 1 antagonists are a recently developed class of very efficacious drugs for controlling CINV. These drugs are often used alongside 5HT 3 inhibitors and corticosteroids to form a very potent cocktail of antiemetics that verge on achieving a nearly complete patient response (that is, completely stopping CINV ...
The first-generation 5-HT 3 receptor antagonist (ondansetron, dolasetron, granisetron, and tropisetron) have been the most important drugs in antiemetic therapy for emetogenic chemotherapy. They are especially effective in treating acute emesis , occurring in the first 24 hours following chemotherapy . [ 38 ]
A painting from 1681 depicting a person affected by nausea and vomiting. Cancer and nausea are associated in about fifty percent of people affected by cancer. [1] This may be as a result of the cancer itself, or as an effect of the treatment such as chemotherapy, radiation therapy, or other medication such as opiates used for pain relief.
Chemotherapy-induced emesis appears to consist of acute and delayed phases. So far, the acute phase emesis responds to 5-HT 3 antagonists while the delayed phase remains difficult to control. The discovery and development of NK 1 receptor antagonists have elicited antiemetic effect in both acute and especially in delayed phases of emesis. [5]
An antiemetic is a drug that is effective against vomiting and nausea. Antiemetics are typically used to treat motion sickness and the side effects of opioid analgesics, general anaesthetics, and chemotherapy directed against cancer. They may be used for severe cases of gastroenteritis, especially if the patient is dehydrated. [1] [2]
Aprepitant, sold under the brand name Emend among others, is a medication used to prevent chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting and to prevent postoperative nausea and vomiting. [5] It may be used together with ondansetron and dexamethasone. [5] It is taken by mouth [5] or administered by intravenous injection. [3]
Chemotherapy is a major cause of emesis, and often can cause severe and frequent emetic responses. This is because chemotherapy agents circulating in the blood activate the CTZ in such a way as to cause emesis. [13] Patients receiving chemotherapy are often prescribed antiemetic medications.
Premedication is using medication before some other therapy (usually surgery or chemotherapy) to prepare for that forthcoming therapy.Typical examples include premedicating with a sedative or analgesic before surgery; using prophylactic (preventive) antibiotics before surgery; and using antiemetics or antihistamines before chemotherapy.