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Symptoms include itching, bleaching or darkening of skin, burning sensations, trouble breathing, coughing blood and/or tissue necrosis. Common sources of chemical burns include sulfuric acid (H 2 SO 4), hydrochloric acid (HCl), sodium hydroxide (NaOH), lime (CaO), silver nitrate (AgNO 3), and hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2). Effects depend on the ...
A hydrofluoric acid burn is a chemical burn from hydrofluoric acid. [1] Where it contacts the skin it results in significant pain, swelling, redness, and skin breakdown. [1] [2] If the fumes are breathed in swelling of the upper airway and bleeding may occur. [2] Complications can include electrolyte, heart, lung, kidney, and neurological ...
Caustic ingestion occurs when someone accidentally or deliberately ingests a caustic or corrosive substance. Depending on the nature of the substance, the duration of exposure and other factors it can lead to varying degrees of damage to the oral mucosa , the esophagus , and the lining of the stomach .
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[5] [19] [2] The pain caused by these burns is often intense and can be prolonged, making a pain management plan important. This often includes short term prescriptions of painkillers . In the case of self-harm induced injury the underlying mental health aspects should be treated as with all self-inflicted injuries .
A partial thickness burn has damaged the epidermis and underlying dermis, and is red, painful and often blisters. A full thickness burn has damaged the epidermis and the entire dermis, nerves and skin appendages. These burns are often described as painless as the nerve endings have been burned so they can no longer transmit pain along their axon.
Burns that affect only the superficial skin layers are known as superficial or first-degree burns. [2] [11] They appear red without blisters, and pain typically lasts around three days. [2] [11] When the injury extends into some of the underlying skin layer, it is a partial-thickness or second-degree burn. [2]
Quaternary ammonium compounds can display a range of health effects, amongst which are mild skin and respiratory irritation [37] up to severe caustic burns on skin and the gastrointestinal wall (depending on concentration), gastrointestinal symptoms (e.g., nausea and vomiting), coma, convulsions, hypotension and death. [38]