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The Nile flood at Cairo c. 1830.. Current understanding of the earliest development of the Egyptian calendar remains speculative. A tablet from the reign of the First Dynasty pharaoh Djer (c. 3000 BC) was once thought to indicate that the Egyptians had already established a link between the heliacal rising of Sirius (Ancient Egyptian: Spdt or Sopdet, "Triangle"; Ancient Greek: Σῶθις ...
The Season of the Harvest or Low Water [1] was the third and final season of the lunar and civil Egyptian calendars.It fell after the Season of the Emergence (Prt) and before the spiritually dangerous intercalary month (Ḥryw Rnpt), after which the New Year's festivities began the Season of the Inundation (Ꜣḫt). [1]
The annual festival was held at the New Moon of Month Two of the harvesting season Shemu. [5] This was the 10th month in a calendar of 12. [5] During Hatshepsut's reign she carried out both the Opet and The Beautiful Festival of the Valley to Amun. [6] There was a grand procession at the start of the festival which could go for several days. [7]
The intercalary month or epagomenal days [1] of the ancient Egyptian, Coptic, and Ethiopian calendars are a period of five days in common years and six days in leap years in addition to those calendars' 12 standard months, sometimes reckoned as their thirteenth month.
The ancient and Coptic month is also known as Mesore [2] (Ancient Greek: Μεσορή, Mesorḗ).. In ancient Egypt, the months were variously described.Usually, the months of the lunar calendar were listed by their placement in the seasons related to the flooding of the Nile, so that Mesori is most commonly described as the fourth month of the season of the Harvest (4 Šmw), [3] [4] variously ...
In ancient Egypt, these months were usually recorded by their number within the season: I, II, III, and IV Prt. They were also known by the names of their principal festivals, which came to be increasingly used after the Persian occupation. These then became the basis for the names of the months of the Coptic calendar.
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The Arabic names of the months of the Gregorian calendar are usually phonetic Arabic pronunciations of the corresponding month names used in European languages. An exception is the Assyrian calendar used in Iraq and the Levant, whose month names are inherited via Classical Arabic from the Babylonian and Hebrew lunisolar calendars and correspond to roughly the same time of year.