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Vascular access refers to a rapid, direct method of introducing or removing devices or chemicals from the bloodstream. In hemodialysis , vascular access is used to remove the patient's blood so that it can be filtered through the dialyzer .
Port access requires specialized equipment and training. Ports are typically used on patients requiring periodic venous access over an extended course of therapy, then flushed regularly until surgically removed. If venous access is required on a frequent basis over a short period, a catheter having external access is more commonly used. [1]
A peripheral venous catheter is the most commonly used vascular access in medicine. It is given to most emergency department and surgical patients, and before some radiological imaging techniques using radiocontrast, for example. In the United States, in the 1990s, more than 25 million patients had a peripheral venous line each year. [2]
Midline access is a type of peripheral venous access inserted into peripheral veins and that extends further than standard peripheral catheters but does not yet reach the large central veins of the thorax. They are used when intermediate-term access (one month) is needed or when administering medications that are highly irritating to smaller veins.
Intraosseous devices allow quick and safe access to the vascular system for fluid and drug administration. After proper education and training, medical professionals can obtain vascular access via the IO route of administration by using one of the multiple devices that have been approved by the FDA for 24-hour use. [7]
Attempts to gain access to the subclavian vein can injure the lung coverings, potentially causing a pneumothorax. The risk of pneumothorax is 1.5 to 6% depending upon the surgeon's experience. [11] Age: If the device is put into a child, the child's growth means that the catheter becomes relatively shorter and will move towards the head.
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The main goal of a vascular closure device is to provide rapid hemostasis of the artery as well as reduce access site complications. [2] VCD's also help reduce time to ambulation and time to hospital discharge. [3] In addition, VCDs are more comfortable for the patient compared to manual compression.