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Food fortification is the addition of micronutrients (essential trace elements and vitamins) to food products. Food enrichment specifically means adding back nutrients lost during food processing, while fortification includes adding nutrients not naturally present. [ 1 ]
Meat can be replaced by, for example, high-protein iron-rich low-emission legumes and common fungi, dietary supplements (e.g. of vitamin B 12 and zinc) and fortified foods, [152] cultured meat, microbial foods, [153] mycoprotein, [154] meat substitutes, and other alternatives, [155] such as those based on mushrooms, [156] legumes (pulses), and ...
Enriched flour is flour with specific nutrients added to it. These nutrients include iron and B vitamins (folic acid, riboflavin, niacin, and thiamine). Calcium may also be supplemented. The purpose of enriching flour is to replenish the nutrients in the flour to match the nutritional status of the unrefined product.
Unprocessed foods are foods that are consumed directly from their natural growth state (i.e., buying string beans or apples at the grocery store or farmer’s market).
When the density is defined in proportion to energy contents, nutrient-dense foods such as meats, fruits and vegetables are the opposite of energy-dense food (also called "empty calorie" food), such as alcohol and foods high in added sugar or processed cereals.
Scientific analysis of food and nutrients began during the chemical revolution in the late 18th century. Chemists in the 18th and 19th centuries experimented with different elements and food sources to develop theories of nutrition. [1] Modern nutrition science began in the 1910s as individual micronutrients began to be identified.
Because the outer parts of the grain are removed and used for animal feed and non-food use, refined grains have been described as less sustainable than whole grains. [4] After refinement of grains became prevalent in the early 20th-century, nutritional deficiencies (iron, thiamin, riboflavin and niacin) became more common in the United States.
People in Southeast Asia began harvesting chicken eggs for food by 1500 BCE. [2] Eggs of other birds, such as ducks and ostriches, are eaten regularly but much less commonly than those of chickens. People may also eat the eggs of reptiles, amphibians, and fish. Fish eggs consumed as food are known as roe or caviar.