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The most common symptom of a spinal CSF leak is a fast-onset, extremely painful orthostatic headache. [23] [25] This headache is usually made worse by standing and typically becomes prominent throughout the day, with the pain becoming less severe when lying down. [26] Orthostatic headaches can become chronic and disabling to the point of ...
Subdural hygromas require two conditions in order to occur. First, there must be a separation in the layers of the Meninges of the brain. Second, the resulting subdural space that occurs from the separation of layers must remain uncompressed in order for CSF to accumulate in the subdural space, resulting in the hygroma. [1]
Chronic headaches consist of different sub-groups, primarily categorized as chronic tension-type headaches and chronic migraine headaches. [2] The treatments for chronic headache are vast and varied. Medicinal and non-medicinal methods exist to help patients cope with chronic headache, because chronic headaches cannot be cured. [ 3 ]
The drainage provided by a shunt can alleviate or prevent these problems in patients with hydrocephalus or related diseases. Shunts come in a variety of forms, but most of them consist of a valve housing connected to a catheter, the lower end of which is usually placed in the peritoneal cavity. The main differences between shunts are usually in ...
Shunt obstruction is the most common cause of shunt failure. The shunt can be obstructed at the catheter or the valve itself. Cases of shunt obstruction would present with similar symptoms to untreated hydrocephalus (headaches, nausea, lethargy, etc.). It can be caused by tissue, bacteria, or kinking of the catheter.
This headache is usually occipital or sub-occipital in location (but may also present in other cranial areas), is usually dull or throbbing in character and is characteristically associated with Valsalva maneuvers (such as bearing down, coughing, sneezing, bending over or forcefully exhaling against a closed airway).
These shunts are inserted in one of the lateral ventricles of the brain, usually by stereotactic surgery, and then connected either to the right atrium of the heart or the peritoneal cavity. [5] [9] Given the reduced need for revisions in ventricular shunts, it is possible that this procedure will become [when?] the first-line type of shunt ...
Diagram demonstrating surgical placement of a VP shunt used to manage NPH. For suspected cases of NPH, CSF shunting is the first-line treatment. The most common type used to treat NPH is ventriculoperitoneal (VP) shunts, which drain CSF fluid to the peritoneal cavity. Adjustable valves allow fine-tuning of CSF drainage.