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The geology of Myanmar is shaped by dramatic, ongoing tectonic processes controlled by shifting tectonic components as the Indian Plate slides northwards and towards Southeast Asia. [1] Myanmar spans across parts of three tectonic plates (the Indian Plate , Burma microplate and Shan Thai Block ) separated by north-trending faults.
Myanmar is one of the most seismically active regions in the world. Oblique subduction , block rotation, and a transform margin has been responsible for the seismic activities of the country. The Sagaing Fault is one of the largest sources of earthquakes in the country, having produced deadly quakes in the past centuries.
Indo-Australian plate – Major tectonic plate formed by the fusion of the Indian and Australian plates (sometimes considered to be two separate tectonic plates) – 58,900,000 km 2 (22,700,000 sq mi) Australian plate – Major tectonic plate separated from Indo-Australian plate about 3 million years ago – 47,000,000 km 2 (18,000,000 sq mi)
Plate tectonics (from Latin tectonicus, from Ancient Greek τεκτονικός (tektonikós) 'pertaining to building') [1] is the scientific theory that Earth's lithosphere comprises a number of large tectonic plates, which have been slowly moving since 3–4 billion years ago.
The Burma plate, showing boundaries with the India plate (the Sunda Trench) and the Sunda plate (through the Andaman Sea) The Burma plate is a minor tectonic plate or microplate located in Southeast Asia, sometimes considered a part of the larger Eurasian plate. The Andaman Islands, Nicobar Islands, and northwestern Sumatra are
The total slip rate across the Indian–Sunda plate boundary is about 35 mm/yr, of which 18 mm/yr is accommodated by the Sagaing Fault, according to GPS data. [8] The measured maximum displacement along the fault is about 100 km, although several authors have proposed between 360 km to 400 km. [ 9 ] [ 10 ]
Mid-ocean ridge – Basaltic underwater mountain system formed by plate tectonic spreading; Pit crater – Depression formed by a sinking or collapse of the surface lying above a void or empty chamber; Pyroclastic shield – Shield volcano formed mostly of pyroclastic and highly explosive eruptions; Resurgent dome – Volcanic landform
The Sunda plate is a minor tectonic plate straddling the equator in the Eastern Hemisphere on which the majority of Southeast Asia is located. [1]The Sunda plate was formerly considered a part of the Eurasian plate, but the GPS measurements have confirmed its independent movement at 10 mm/yr eastward relative to Eurasia.