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The foot (standard symbol: ft) [1] [2] is a unit of length in the British imperial and United States customary systems of measurement. The prime symbol, ′, is commonly used to represent the foot. [3] In both customary and imperial units, one foot comprises 12 inches, and one yard comprises three feet.
The French ligne or "Paris line", 1 ⁄ 12 of the French inch (French: pouce), 2.256 mm and about 1.06 L. The Portuguese linha, 1 ⁄ 12 of the Portuguese inch or 12 "points" (pontos) or 2.29 mm; The German linie was usually 1 ⁄ 12 of the German inch but sometimes also 1 ⁄ 10 German inch; The Vienna line, 1 ⁄ 12 of a Vienna inch. [14] [15]
One ligne is the equivalent of 0.0888 international inch. This is comparable in size to the British measurement called "line" (one-twelfth of an English inch), used prior to 1824. [6] (The French inch at that time was slightly larger than the English one, but the system of 12 inches to a foot and 12 lines to an inch was the same in both cases.)
In effect, spatial resolution is the number of independent pixel values per unit length. The spatial resolution of consumer displays ranges from 50 to 800 pixel lines per inch. With scanners, optical resolution is sometimes used to distinguish spatial resolution from the number of pixels per inch.
Countries using the metric system tend to use lines per centimeter (L/cm). In order to convert between L/in and L/cm the following formulas can be used: Lines per inch to lines per cm: L/cm = 0.394 x L/in i.e. 254 L/in = 100 L/cm Lines per cm to lines per inch: L/in = 2.54 x L/cm i.e. 100 L/cm = 254 L/in
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For conventional books line lengths tend to be 30 times the size of the type, but between 20 and 40 times is considered acceptable (i.e., 30 × 10pt font = 300 pt line). [1] Early studies considered line lengths of 59–97 mm (about 57 cpl) optimum for 10-point font. [2] For printed works with multiple columns, 40–50 cpl is often better. [1]
Unit and value marks — as on a ruler or number line; Congruence notation in geometry — as on a geometric figure; Graphed points — as on a graph; Hatch marks are frequently used as an abbreviation of some common units of measurement. In regard to distance, a single hatch mark indicates feet, and two hatch marks indicate inches.