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In physical chemistry, supersaturation occurs with a solution when the concentration of a solute exceeds the concentration specified by the value of solubility at equilibrium. Most commonly the term is applied to a solution of a solid in a liquid , but it can also be applied to liquids and gases dissolved in a liquid.
This can be due to temperature changes, solvent evaporation, or by mixing solvents. Precipitation occurs more rapidly from a strongly supersaturated solution. The formation of a precipitate can be caused by a chemical reaction. When a barium chloride solution reacts with sulphuric acid, a white precipitate of barium sulphate is formed.
The result is a supersaturated solution, which is metastable and will rapidly exclude the excess solute if a suitable nucleation site appears. [ 4 ] The concept of solubility does not apply when there is an irreversible chemical reaction between the two substances, such as the reaction of calcium hydroxide with hydrochloric acid ; even though ...
Making a saline water solution by dissolving table salt in water.The salt is the solute and the water the solvent. In chemistry, a solution is defined by IUPAC as "A liquid or solid phase containing more than one substance, when for convenience one (or more) substance, which is called the solvent, is treated differently from the other substances, which are called solutes.
Crystallization can then be induced from this supersaturated solution and the resultant pure crystals removed by such methods as filtration and centrifugal separators. The remaining solution, once the crystals have been filtered out, is known as the mother liquor, and will contain a portion of the original solute (as predicted by its solubility ...
Saturated and unsaturated compounds, a classification of compounds related to their ability to resist addition reactions . Degree of unsaturation; Saturated fat or saturated fatty acid
The supersaturated solute mass the original nucleus may capture in a time unit is called the growth rate expressed in kg/(m 2 *h), and is a constant specific to the process. Growth rate is influenced by several physical factors, such as surface tension of solution, pressure , temperature , relative crystal velocity in the solution, Reynolds ...
This glossary of biology terms is a list of definitions of fundamental terms and concepts used in biology, the study of life and of living organisms.It is intended as introductory material for novices; for more specific and technical definitions from sub-disciplines and related fields, see Glossary of cell biology, Glossary of genetics, Glossary of evolutionary biology, Glossary of ecology ...