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The North Polar Basin, more commonly known as the Borealis Basin, is a large basin in the northern hemisphere of Mars that covers 40% of the planet. [1] [2] Some scientists have postulated that the basin formed during the impact of a single, large body roughly 2% of the mass of Mars, having a diameter of about 1,900 km (1,200 miles) early in the history of Mars, around 4.5 billion years ago.
The Utopia basin is estimated to have formed around 4.3-4.1 billion years ago. [ 6 ] [ 7 ] The impactor was likely around 400–700 kilometres (250–430 mi) in diameter. [ 8 ] [ 9 ] [ 10 ] The basin was subsequently mostly filled in, resulting in a mascon (a strong positive gravity anomaly ) detectable by orbiting satellites.
The Paraná Valles are a set of channels in a valley in the Margaritifer Sinus quadrangle (MC-19) region of Mars, located at approximately 23.1° South and 10.2° West.They are 350 kilometres (220 mi) long and were named after an ancient and modern name for a South American river (Brazil, Argentina). [1]
The basin is approximately 1,700 km (1,100 mi) wide [1] and drops 5.2 km (17,000 ft) below the surrounding plains; it is the second-deepest impact basin on Mars after Hellas. The crater Galle , located on the east rim of Argyre at 51°S 31°W / 51°S 31°W / -51; -31 , strongly resembles a smiley
One additional large basin, Utopia, is completely buried by northern plains deposits. Its outline is clearly discernable only from altimetry data. All of the large basins on Mars are extremely old, dating to the late heavy bombardment. They are thought to be comparable in age to the Imbrium and Orientale basins on the Moon.
Due to the later deposits on Mars, however, in almost all cases it is unclear whether the valley floors contain individual channel structures or whether they are fully inundated in flow events. Nanedi Valles is a rare example where a channel has been identified, [ 3 ] though new higher resolution imagery again continues to reveal more such ...
The basin is located in the southern highlands of Mars and is thought to have been formed about 3.9 billion years ago, during the Late Heavy Bombardment. Studies suggest that when an impact created the Hellas Basin, the entire surface of Mars was heated hundreds of degrees, 70 meters of molted rock fell on the planet, and an atmosphere of ...
North Polar Basin may refer to: North Polar Basin (Mars) Arctic Basin, abyssal features within the Arctic Ocean This page was last edited on 29 ...