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The Syrian Desert (Arabic: بادية الشام Bādiyat Ash-Shām), also known as the North Arabian Desert, [1] the Jordanian steppe, or the Badiya, [2] is a region of desert, semi-desert, and steppe, covering about 500,000 square kilometers (200,000 square miles) of West Asia, including parts of northern Saudi Arabia, eastern Jordan, southern Syria, and western Iraq.
Bilad al-Sham (Arabic: بِلَاد الشَّام, romanized: Bilād al-Shām), often referred to as Islamic Syria or simply Syria in English-language sources, was a province of the Rashidun, Umayyad, Abbasid, and Fatimid caliphates. It roughly corresponded with the Byzantine Diocese of the East, conquered by the Muslims in 634–647. Under ...
The Abbasids annexed Bilad ash-Sham after defeating the Umayyad dynasty in 750. The capital of the Caliphate was subsequently moved from Damascus to Baghdad , and Palestine consequently lost its central position in the state, becoming a distant district whose affairs were not as closely monitored or regulated as they were under the Umayyads.
Dirat al-Tulul also forms the western part of the Syrian steppe known as Badiyat al-Sham. Dirat al-Tulul contains more than 32 cinder cones, known as Tell (Arabic for hill). This region receives between 100 and 200 mm. of precipitation per year and it is sparsely populated, due to its aridity and rocky terrain.
Several sources indicate that the name Syria itself is derived from Luwian term "Sura/i", and the derivative ancient Greek name: Σύριοι, Sýrioi, or Σύροι, Sýroi, both of which originally derived from Aššūrāyu in northern Mesopotamia, modern-day Iraq and greater Syria [4] [5] [8] [9] For Herodotus in the 5th century BC, Syria extended as far north as the Halys (the modern ...
Jaysh Muhammad in Bilad al-Sham (Arabic: جيش محمد في بلاد الشام, romanized: Jaysh Muḥammad fī bilād al-Shām, lit. 'The Army of Muhammad in the lands of the Levant') was a jihadist organization based in Aleppo , Syria , that fought in the Syrian civil war .
This area, known as Badiyat ash Sham and covered with grass and scrub vegetation, is extensively used for pasture by nomadic and seminomadic herders. The most significant feature of the area is the Wadi as Sirhan , a large basin as much as 300 meters below the surrounding plateau, which is the vestige of an ancient inland sea.
Harakat Ahrar al-Sham al-Islamiyya (Arabic: حركة أحرار الشام الإسلامية, romanized: Ḥarakat Aḥrār aš-Šām al-Islāmiyah, lit. 'Islamic Movement of the Freemen of the Levant'), commonly referred to as Ahrar al-Sham, was a coalition of multiple Islamist units that coalesced into a single brigade and later a division in order to fight against the Syrian Government led ...