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Radical mastectomy is a surgical procedure that treats breast cancer by removing the breast and its underlying chest muscle (including pectoralis major and pectoralis minor), and lymph nodes of the axilla (armpit). Breast cancer is the most common cancer among women.
Undergoing a preventive mastectomy does not guarantee that breast cancer will not develop later, however, it reduces the risk by 90% in high risk women. [2] [8] Also, a preventive mastectomy may not be able to remove all breast tissue as some of it may be in the arm pit, near the collar bone, or in the abdominal wall. [1]
Mastectomy is the medical term for the surgical removal of one or both breasts, partially or completely.A mastectomy is usually carried out to treat breast cancer. [1] [2] In some cases, women believed to be at high risk of breast cancer choose to have the operation as a preventive measure. [1]
The major concerns regarding this update is whether breast cancer mortality has truly been increasing and if there is new evidence that the benefits of mammography are increasing. [93] According to National Vital Statistics System, mortality from breast cancer has been steadily decreasing in the United States from 2018 to 2021. There have also ...
The combined effects of radiation and breast cancer surgery can in particular lead to complications such as breast fibrosis, secondary lymphoedema (which may occur in the arm, the breast or the chest, in particular after axillary lymph node dissection [5] [6]), breast asymmetry, and chronic/recurrent breast cellulitis, each of these having long ...
Invasive carcinoma NST is one of the most common types of all breast cancers, accounting for 55% of breast cancer incidence. [2] Of the invasive breast cancers, invasive carcinoma NST accounts for up to 75% of cases. [3] [4] It is also the most common form of breast cancer occurring in men, accounting for 85% of cases. [5] [6]
For example, NAC reconstruction can apply to breast cancer patients who underwent a mastectomy, the surgical removal of a breast. [2] [3] NAC reconstruction can also be applied to patients with trauma, burn injuries, and congenital or pathological abnormalities in nipple development. [4] [5]
It may also be used as part of adjuvant therapy, to prevent tumor recurrence after surgery to remove a primary malignant tumor (for example, early stages of breast cancer). Radiation therapy is synergistic with chemotherapy , and has been used before, during, and after chemotherapy in susceptible cancers.