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Theta waves generate the theta rhythm, a neural oscillation in the brain that underlies various aspects of cognition and behavior, including learning, memory, and spatial navigation in many animals. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] It can be recorded using various electrophysiological methods, such as electroencephalogram (EEG), recorded either from inside the ...
There are many kinds, generally written as A-B coupling, meaning the A of a slow wave is coupled with the B of a fast wave. For example, phase–amplitude coupling is where the phase of a slow wave is coupled with the amplitude of a fast wave. [70] The theta-gamma code is a coupling between theta wave and gamma wave in the hippocampal network ...
It has been proposed that the trisynaptic circuit is responsible for the generation of hippocampal theta waves. These waves are responsible for the synchronization of different brain regions, especially the limbic system. [9] In rats, theta waves range between 3–8 Hz and their amplitudes range from 50 to 100 μV.
The finding that theta wave phase precession is also a property of grid cells in the entorhinal cortex demonstrated that the phenomenon exists in other parts of the brain that also mediate information about movement. [11] Theta wave phase precession in the hippocampus also plays a role in some brain functions that are unrelated to spatial location.
Example of a one-second EEG theta wave. The underlying currents producing the theta wave are generated mainly by densely packed neural layers of the entorhinal cortex, CA3, and the dendrites of pyramidal cells. The theta wave is one of the largest signals seen on EEG, and is known as the hippocampal theta rhythm. [107]
Gamma waves are seen when a person is highly focused on a task or using all their concentration. Theta waves occur during the period of a person being awake, and they continue to transition into Stage 1 of sleep and in stage 2. Delta waves are seen in stages 3 and 4 of sleep when a person is in their deepest of sleep. [19]
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Example of an EEG alpha wave Example of an EEG theta wave. A microsleep is a sudden temporary episode of sleep or drowsiness which may last for a few seconds where an individual fails to respond to some arbitrary sensory input and becomes unconscious.