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The new public health (2014): 1-42 doi: 10.1016/B978-0-12-415766-8.00001-X. . Warner, J.H. and J.A. Tighe, eds. Major Problems in the History of American Medicine and Public Health (2001). Ward, John W. and Christian Warren, eds. Silent Victories: The history and practice of public health in Twentieth Century America (Oxford UP, 2007) online
The modern era of providing care for the mentally ill began in the early 19th century with a large state-led effort. Public mental asylums were established in Britain after the passing of the 1808 County Asylums Act. This empowered magistrates to build rate-supported asylums in every county to house the many 'pauper lunatics'.
In the United States, a "mental hygiene" movement, originally defined in the 19th century, gained momentum and aimed to "prevent the disease of insanity" through public health methods and clinics. [72] The term mental health became more popular, however. Clinical psychology and social work developed as professions alongside psychiatry.
Figures of insanity (e.g. vagabonds, libertines, the "mad") have, at least since the 18th century, often represented an image of darkness and threat to society, as later would "the psychopath" – a mixture of concepts of dangerousness, evil and illness. [6]
6th century BCE. 600 B.C., many cities had temples to Asklepios known as an Asklepieion that provided cures for psychosomatic illnesses [2] 4th century BCE. Greek physician Hippocrates theorized that physiological abnormalities may be the root of mental disorders. [3] 280 BCE
Melancholia and melancholy had been used interchangeably until the 19th century, but the former came to refer to a pathological condition and the latter to a temperament. [3] The term depression was derived from the Latin verb deprimere, "to press down". [12] From the 14th century, "to depress" meant to subjugate or to bring down in spirits.
John Perdue Gray (August 6, 1825, Halfmoon Township (Pennsylvania) - November 29, 1886, Utica, New York) was an American psychiatrist at the forefront of biological psychiatric theory during the 19th century.
Towards the end of the 19th century, greater numbers suffering from epilepsy were also admitted. All these extra patients had the effect of slewing some modern accounts critical of the effectiveness of these early establishments, despite a mass of comprehensive, detailed records surviving from the period.