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The Temple of Heaven was renovated in the 18th century under the Qianlong Emperor. By then, the state budget was insufficient, so this was the last large-scale renovation of the temple complex in imperial times. [citation needed] The temple was occupied by the Anglo-French alliance during the Second Opium War. [2]
The three main halls of the temple are Yude Hall, Daizongbao Hall, and Yuhuang Hall. Yude Hall displays statues made from Jinsi Nanmu wood, among them statues of the gods of heaven, earth, and water. The temple once contained more than 3000 steles in total of which about 1000 have been preserved.
The top layer has 72 slates, the middle layer has 108 slates, and the bottom layer has 180 slates. All together there are 360 slates. This is similar to 360°, which is a circle and thus represents the circumference of heaven. In the centre of the upper terrace is the Heaven's Heart Stone which is surrounded by concentrically arranged flag-stones.
Goryeo monarchs sacrificed to heaven until 1385, [1] even during the period of Mongol rule. [2] King Sejo of Joseon briefly restarted the rite at a location elsewhere in Seoul, but stopped the practice in the tenth year of his reign in 1464 because the rite could only be performed by the Son of Heaven, and Joseon was a tributary state to Ming .
At 42.7 hectares (106 acres), it is the second largest of the five Temples of Beijing behind only the Temple of Heaven. It was built in 1530 during the Ming dynasty . Emperors of the Ming and Qing dynasties would attend the annual summer solstice ritual of offerings to the heaven.
The Beijing Ancient Observatory is located just south of Jianguomen in Dongcheng District and can be accessed by Lines 1 and 2 of the Beijing Subway to Jianguomen station (Exit C) and bus routes 25, 39, 43, 44, 52, 122, 434, 637, 638, 750 and 特2 to Jianguomen South (建国门桥南).
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Visitors enter the China Pavilion through a large Chinese gate. The courtyard is dominated by a replica of the Temple of Heaven, which contains the entrance to "Reflections of China", a Circle-Vision 360° movie exploring China's history and scenery, as well as a museum containing several ancient Chinese artifacts.