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Iconic memory is the visual sensory memory register pertaining to the visual domain and a fast-decaying store of visual information. It is a component of the visual memory system which also includes visual short-term memory [ 1 ] (VSTM) and long-term memory (LTM).
He believed that all nine letters were stored in the viewer's memory for a short period of time, but the memory failed leading to only 4 or 5 being recalled. Sperling called this iconic memory. This was exemplified through Sperling's Iconic Memory Test, which involves having a grid of letters being flashed for 1/20 of a second.
Iconic memory is the visual part of the sensory memory system. Iconic memory is responsible for visual priming , because it works very quickly and unconsciously . Iconic memory decays very quickly, but contains a very vivid image of the surrounding stimuli.
These findings suggest that iconic memory in humans has a large capacity, but decays very rapidly. [11] Another study set out to test the idea that visual sensory memory consists of coarse-grained and fine-grained memory traces using a mathematical model to quantify each.
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The introduction of stimuli which were hard to verbalize, and unlikely to be held in long-term memory, revolutionized the study of VSTM in the early 1970s. [6] [7] [8] The basic experimental technique used required observers to indicate whether two matrices, [7] [8] or figures, [6] separated by a short temporal interval, were the same.
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