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Dictionary of Greek and Roman Biography and Mythology. Vol. III: Oarses–Zygia online at University of Michigan Library. Also the Internet Archive has a derivative work: Smith, William, ed. (1853). A new classical dictionary of biography, mythology, and geography, partly based on the "Dictionary of Greek and Roman biography and mythology ...
The Roman deities most widely known today are those the Romans identified with Greek counterparts, integrating Greek myths, iconography, and sometimes religious practices into Roman culture, including Latin literature, Roman art, and religious life as it was experienced throughout the Roman Empire. Many of the Romans' own gods remain obscure ...
Some late Roman and Greek poetry and mythography identifies him as a sun-god, equivalent to Roman Sol and Greek Helios. [2] Ares (Ἄρης, Árēs) God of courage, war, bloodshed, and violence. The son of Zeus and Hera, he was depicted as a beardless youth, either nude with a helmet and spear or sword, or as an armed warrior.
Key: The names of the generally accepted Olympians [11] are given in bold font.. Key: The names of groups of gods or other mythological beings are given in italic font. Key: The names of the Titans have a green background.
Gallo-Roman examples of the fascinum in bronze. The topmost is an example of the "fist and phallus" amulet with a manus fica. Phallus inscribed on a paving stone at Pompeii. In ancient Roman religion and magic, the fascinus or fascinum was the embodiment of the divine phallus.
Greek mythology has changed over time to accommodate the evolution of their culture, of which mythology, both overtly and in its unspoken assumptions, is an index of the changes. In Greek mythology's surviving literary forms, as found mostly at the end of the progressive changes, it is inherently political, as Gilbert Cuthbertson (1975) has argued.
A group of twelve Hittite gods is known both from cuneiform texts and from artistic representation. All the Hittite Twelve are male, with no individualizing features. The Roman Empire period group is a possible reflex of the Lycians' twelve gods: By 400 BCE, a precinct dedicated to twelve gods existed at the marketplace in Xanthos, Lycia.
[74] In Roman art, the covered head is a symbol of pietas and the individual's status as a pontifex, augur or other priest. [ 75 ] It has been argued that the Roman expression of piety capite velato influenced Paul 's prohibition against Christian men praying with covered heads: "Any man who prays or prophesies with his head covered dishonors ...