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Urobilin or urochrome is the chemical primarily responsible for the yellow color of urine. It is a linear tetrapyrrole compound that, along with the related colorless compound urobilinogen , are degradation products of the cyclic tetrapyrrole heme .
[6] [7] Urine also contains proteins, hormones, and a wide range of metabolites, [8] varying by what is introduced into the body. [citation needed] The total solids in urine are on average 59 g (2.1 oz) per day per person. [8] Urea is the largest constituent of the solids, constituting more than 50% of the total.
Urobilinogen is a yellow by-product of bilirubin reduction. It is formed in the intestines by the bacterial enzyme bilirubin reductase. [1] About half of the urobilinogen formed is reabsorbed and taken up via the portal vein to the liver, enters circulation and is excreted by the kidney.
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Ribbon diagrams, also known as Richardson diagrams, are 3D schematic representations of protein structure and are one of the most common methods of protein depiction used today. The ribbon depicts the general course and organisation of the protein backbone in 3D and serves as a visual framework for hanging details of the entire atomic structure ...
A standard urine test strip may comprise up to 10 different chemical pads or reagents which react (change color) when immersed in, and then removed from, a urine sample.The test can often be read in as little as 60 to 120 seconds after dipping, although certain tests require longer.
The color can range from pale yellow to amber based on the individual's hydration status. Urine can develop a variety of abnormal colors, which may suggest disease in some cases. [26] A total lack of color indicates that the urine is extremely dilute, which may be caused by excessive fluid intake, diabetes insipidus, or diabetes mellitus.
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