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In natural language processing, a word embedding is a representation of a word. The embedding is used in text analysis.Typically, the representation is a real-valued vector that encodes the meaning of the word in such a way that the words that are closer in the vector space are expected to be similar in meaning. [1]
The use of different model parameters and different corpus sizes can greatly affect the quality of a word2vec model. Accuracy can be improved in a number of ways, including the choice of model architecture (CBOW or Skip-Gram), increasing the training data set, increasing the number of vector dimensions, and increasing the window size of words ...
ELMo (embeddings from language model) is a word embedding method for representing a sequence of words as a corresponding sequence of vectors. [1] It was created by researchers at the Allen Institute for Artificial Intelligence , [ 2 ] and University of Washington and first released in February, 2018.
Word2vec is a word embedding technique which learns to represent words through self-supervision over each word and its neighboring words in a sliding window across a large corpus of text. [28] The model has two possible training schemes to produce word vector representations, one generative and one contrastive. [27]
A large language model (LLM) is a type of machine learning model designed for natural language processing tasks such as language generation.LLMs are language models with many parameters, and are trained with self-supervised learning on a vast amount of text.
Unlike previous models, BERT is a deeply bidirectional, unsupervised language representation, pre-trained using only a plain text corpus. Context-free models such as word2vec or GloVe generate a single word embedding representation for each word in the vocabulary, whereas BERT takes into account the context for each occurrence of a given word ...
In practice however, BERT's sentence embedding with the [CLS] token achieves poor performance, often worse than simply averaging non-contextual word embeddings. SBERT later achieved superior sentence embedding performance [8] by fine tuning BERT's [CLS] token embeddings through the usage of a siamese neural network architecture on the SNLI dataset.
This pre-training process enables the models to learn general language understanding and generation abilities. T5 models can then be fine-tuned on specific downstream tasks, adapting their knowledge to perform well in various applications. The T5 models were pretrained on many tasks, all in the format of <input text>-> <output text>.