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Knowledge, education and understanding are uppermost in management plans for tic disorders, [6] and psychoeducation is the first step. [14] [15] A child's parents are typically the first to notice their tics; [16] they may feel worried, imagine that they are somehow responsible, or feel burdened by misinformation about Tourette's. [14]
Tic disorders are more commonly diagnosed in males than females. [3] At least one in five children experience some form of tic disorder, most frequently between the ages of seven and twelve. [9] [10] Tourette syndrome is the more severe expression of a spectrum of tic disorders, which are thought to be due to the same genetic vulnerability ...
As part of the treatment, family members and friends are advised not to call attention to the tics when the child is performing them. If they do, the child may develop more tics more frequently. Behavioral therapy and medication are often the choices of treatment for tic disorders in children. [18]
Observed prevalence rates are higher among children than adults because tics tend to remit or subside with maturity and a diagnosis may no longer be warranted for many adults. [38] Up to 1% of the overall population experiences tic disorders, including chronic tics and transient (provisional or unspecified) tics in childhood. [54]
In a 2003 study by Shytle and colleagues, a survey was sent to parents from a TS group email list, asking them to rate the frequency and relative significance of 32 behavioral and emotional symptoms observed in their children. [2] Of 35 respondents, 80% concurred that behavioral and emotional symptoms were more afflicting than tics. [2]
The Yale Global Tic Severity Scale (YGTSS) is a psychological measure designed to assess the severity and frequency of symptoms of disorders such as tic disorder, Tourette syndrome, and obsessive-compulsive disorder, in children and adolescents between ages 6 and 17. [1] [2]
Although tic disorders are commonly considered to be childhood syndromes, tics occasionally develop during adulthood; adult-onset tics often have a secondary cause. [33] Tics that begin after the age of 18 are not diagnosed as Tourette's syndrome, but may be diagnosed as an "other specified" or "unspecified" tic disorder. [24]
This is a list of mental disorders as defined in the DSM-IV, the fourth edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders.Published by the American Psychiatry Association (APA), it was released in May 1994, [1] superseding the DSM-III-R (1987).