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Shellshock, also known as Bashdoor, [1] is a family of security bugs [2] in the Unix Bash shell, the first of which was disclosed on 24 September 2014.Shellshock could enable an attacker to cause Bash to execute arbitrary commands and gain unauthorized access [3] to many Internet-facing services, such as web servers, that use Bash to process requests.
The concept behind a fork bomb — the processes continually replicate themselves, potentially causing a denial of service. In computing, a fork bomb (also called rabbit virus) is a denial-of-service (DoS) attack wherein a process continually replicates itself to deplete available system resources, slowing down or crashing the system due to resource starvation.
When the child process calls exec(), all data in the original program is lost, and it is replaced with a running copy of the new program. This is known as overlaying . Although all data are replaced, the file descriptors that were open in the parent are closed only if the program has explicitly marked them close-on-exec .
Others include randomly moving the cursor slightly; opening up satirical Google searches under Google.co.ck, such as "how to remove a virus" and "how to get money" on the user's web browser; reversing text; and opening various random Microsoft Windows programs, such as the calculator or command prompt.
SSH is typically used to log into a remote computer's shell or command-line interface (CLI) and to execute commands on a remote server. It also supports mechanisms for tunneling , forwarding of TCP ports and X11 connections and it can be used to transfer files using the associated SSH File Transfer Protocol (SFTP) or Secure Copy Protocol (SCP).
Wrapper scripts often use this command to run a program (either directly or through an interpreter or virtual machine) after setting environment variables or other configuration. By using exec, the resources used by the shell program do not need to stay in use after the program is started. [2] The exec command can also perform a redirection.
In computer networking, port knocking is a method of externally opening ports on a firewall by generating a connection attempt on a set of prespecified closed ports. Once a correct sequence of connection attempts is received, the firewall rules are dynamically modified to allow the host which sent the connection attempts to connect over specific port(s).
As mentioned earlier, the insider builds of Windows 10 and later, as well as Windows Server 2016 and later, display a green screen. [26] [27] [24] Windows 10 and later (and Windows Server 2016 and later) also display an orange screen in an extremely rare case where a hardware issue with the GPU or a graphics driver problem is encountered. [47]