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  2. Water purification - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Water_purification

    The choice of method will depend on the quality of the water being treated, the cost of the treatment process and the quality standards expected of the processed water. The processes below are the ones commonly used in water purification plants. Some or most may not be used depending on the scale of the plant and quality of the raw (source) water.

  3. Organisms involved in water purification - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Organisms_involved_in...

    Sewage treatment plants mix these organisms as activated sludge or circulate water past organisms living on trickling filters or rotating biological contactors. [ 5 ] Aquatic vegetation may provide similar surface habitat for purifying bacteria, protozoa, and rotifers in a pond or marsh setting; although water circulation is often less effective.

  4. Biofilter - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biofilter

    These biological treatment systems effectively reduce water-borne diseases, dissolved organic carbon, turbidity and color in surface water, thus improving overall water quality. Biotechnological techniques can be used to improve the biofiltration of drinking water by studying the microbial communities in the water.

  5. Aerated lagoon - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aerated_lagoon

    There are two main types of submerged diffused aeration systems for lagoon applications: floating lateral and submerged lateral. Both these systems utilize fine or medium bubble diffusers to provide aeration and mixing to the process water. The diffusers can be suspended slightly above the lagoon floor or may rest on the bottom.

  6. Water treatment - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Water_treatment

    Water treatment is any process that improves the quality of water to make it appropriate for a specific end-use. The end use may be drinking , industrial water supply, irrigation , river flow maintenance, water recreation or many other uses, including being safely returned to the environment.

  7. Lime softening - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lime_softening

    Lime softening (also known as lime buttering, lime-soda treatment, or Clark's process) [1] is a type of water treatment used for water softening, which uses the addition of limewater (calcium hydroxide) to remove hardness (deposits of calcium and magnesium salts) by precipitation.

  8. Reverse osmosis - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reverse_osmosis

    The water is distilled multiple times to ensure that it does not leave deposits on the machinery or cause corrosion. RO is used to clean effluent and brackish groundwater. The effluent in larger volumes (more than 500 m 3 /day) is treated in a water treatment plant first, and then the effluent runs through RO. This hybrid process reduces ...

  9. Forward osmosis - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Forward_osmosis

    In FO, an additional process is required to separate fresh water from a diluted draw solution. Types of processes used are reverse osmosis, solvent extraction, magnetic and thermolytic. Depending on the concentration of solutes in the feed (which dictates the necessary concentration of solutes in the draw) and the intended use of the product of ...