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The definitions for monopoles are of theoretical interest, although real magnetic dipoles can be described using pole strengths. There are two possible units for monopole strength, Wb (Weber) and A m (Ampere metre). Dimensional analysis shows that magnetic charges relate by q m (Wb) = μ 0 q m (Am).
The 2-sided bandwidth relative to a resonant frequency of F 0 (Hz) is F 0 /Q. For example, an antenna tuned to have a Q value of 10 and a centre frequency of 100 kHz would have a 3 dB bandwidth of 10 kHz. In audio, bandwidth is often expressed in terms of octaves. Then the relationship between Q and bandwidth is
for virtually any well-behaved function g of dimensionless argument φ, where ω is the angular frequency (in radians per second), and k = (k x, k y, k z) is the wave vector (in radians per meter). Although the function g can be and often is a monochromatic sine wave , it does not have to be sinusoidal, or even periodic.
The low resistance in combination with the high capacitance of the antenna and inductance of the required loading coil gives the antenna a large Q factor, it has a narrow bandwidth, which reduces the data rate that can be transmitted or received. Antennas in the VLF band often have a bandwidth of only 50 to 100 hertz.
The term "Q band" does not have a consistently precise usage in the technical literature, but tends to be a concurrent subset of both the IEEE designated K a band (26.5–40 GHz) and V band (40–75 GHz). Neither the IEEE nor the ITU-R recognize the Q band in their standards, which define the nomenclature of bands in the electromagnetic spectrum.
When charged particles move in electric and magnetic fields the following two laws apply: Lorentz force law: = (+),; Newton's second law of motion: = =; where F is the force applied to the ion, m is the mass of the particle, a is the acceleration, Q is the electric charge, E is the electric field, and v × B is the cross product of the ion's velocity and the magnetic flux density.
This means that the value of v is constant on characteristic lines of the form x + ct = x 0, and thus that v must depend only on x + ct, that is, have the form H(x + ct). Then, to solve the first (inhomogenous) equation relating v to u , we can note that its homogenous solution must be a function of the form F ( x - ct ) , by logic similar to ...
For Faraday's first law, M, F, v are constants; thus, the larger the value of Q, the larger m will be. For Faraday's second law, Q, F, v are constants; thus, the larger the value of (equivalent weight), the larger m will be. In the simple case of constant-current electrolysis, Q = It, leading to