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A useful tool for dealing with high frequency magnetic effects is the complex permeability. While at low frequencies in a linear material the magnetic field and the auxiliary magnetic field are simply proportional to each other through some scalar permeability, at high frequencies these quantities will react to each other with some lag time. [36]
A magnetic core is a piece of magnetic material with a high magnetic permeability used to confine and guide magnetic fields in electrical, electromechanical and magnetic devices such as electromagnets, transformers, electric motors, generators, inductors, loudspeakers, magnetic recording heads, and magnetic assemblies.
The high permeability of mu-metal provides a low reluctance path for magnetic flux, leading to its use in magnetic shields against static or slowly varying magnetic fields. Magnetic shielding made with high-permeability alloys like mu-metal works not by blocking magnetic fields but by providing a path for the magnetic field lines around the ...
In electromagnetism and materials science, the Jiles–Atherton model of magnetic hysteresis was introduced in 1984 by David Jiles and D. L. Atherton. [1] This is one of the most popular models of magnetic hysteresis. Its main advantage is the fact that this model enables connection with physical parameters of the magnetic material. [2]
They also have high magnetic permeability. These so-called ceramic magnets are cheap, and are widely used in household products such as refrigerator magnets. The maximum magnetic field B is about 0.35 tesla and the magnetic field strength H is about 30–160 kiloampere turns per meter (400–2000 oersteds). [33]
Strip of permalloy. Permalloy is a nickel–iron magnetic alloy, with about 80% nickel and 20% iron content.Invented in 1914 by physicist Gustav Elmen at Bell Telephone Laboratories, [1] it is notable for its very high magnetic permeability, which makes it useful as a magnetic core material in electrical and electronic equipment, and also in magnetic shielding to block magnetic fields.
Different materials have different saturation levels. For example, high permeability iron alloys used in transformers reach magnetic saturation at 1.6–2.2 teslas (T), [4] whereas ferrites saturate at 0.2–0.5 T. [5] Some amorphous alloys saturate at 1.2–1.3 T. [6] Mu-metal saturates at around 0.8 T. [7] [8]
Using SI units, the magnetic induction B is related to H by the relationship = (+) = (+) =, where μ 0 is the vacuum permeability (see table of physical constants), and (1 + χ v) is the relative permeability of the material. Thus the volume magnetic susceptibility χ v and the magnetic permeability μ are related by the following formula: = (+).