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In chemistry, isomerization or isomerisation is the process in which a molecule, polyatomic ion or molecular fragment is transformed into an isomer with a different chemical structure. [1] Enolization is an example of isomerization, as is tautomerization .
The isomerization energy, for example, for converting from a stable cis isomer to the less stable trans isomer is greater than for the reverse reaction, explaining why in the absence of isomerases or an outside energy source such as ultraviolet radiation a given cis isomer tends to be present in greater amounts than the trans isomer.
Isomers do not necessarily share similar chemical or physical properties. Two main forms of isomerism are structural (or constitutional) isomerism, in which bonds between the atoms differ; and stereoisomerism (or spatial isomerism), in which the bonds are the same but the relative positions of the atoms differ. Isomeric relationships form a ...
The protein encoded by this gene is a dimeric enzyme that catalyzes the reversible isomerization of G6P and F6P. [12] [13] Since the reaction is reversible, its direction is determined by G6P and F6P concentrations. [9] glucose 6-phosphate ↔ fructose 6-phosphate. The protein has different functions inside and outside the cell.
Very often, cis–trans stereoisomers contain double bonds or ring structures. In both cases the rotation of bonds is restricted or prevented. [4] When the substituent groups are oriented in the same direction, the diastereomer is referred to as cis, whereas when the substituents are oriented in opposing directions, the diastereomer is referred to as trans.
Molecular biology; Cell biology ... of structural biology and the effort to understand how enzymes work at an atomic ... : catalyze isomerization changes within a ...
Amyloid-beta: As Alzheimer’s disease develops, amyloid precursor proteins clump together to create amyloid-beta plaques, which eventually disrupt how brain cells work. Tau: In the healthy brain ...
However, some bacteria that do not perform glycolysis, like ureaplasmas, lack TPI. In humans, deficiencies in TPI are associated with a progressive, severe neurological disorder called triose phosphate isomerase deficiency. Triose phosphate isomerase deficiency is characterized by chronic hemolytic anemia.