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The Monsoon of South Asia is among several geographically distributed global monsoons. It affects the Indian subcontinent , where it is one of the oldest and most anticipated weather phenomena and an economically important pattern every year from June through September, but it is only partly understood and notoriously difficult to predict.
A monsoon (/ m ɒ n ˈ s uː n /) is traditionally a seasonal reversing wind accompanied by corresponding changes in precipitation [1] but is now used to describe seasonal changes in atmospheric circulation and precipitation associated with annual latitudinal oscillation of the Intertropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ) between its limits to the north and south of the equator.
The age of onset of the South Asian monsoon is not widely agreed upon. [38] The South Asian monsoon may have begun in the Early [26] [49] [4] or Late Miocene. [31] This uncertainty makes investigation into the interactions of climate with other Earth systems (especially the direction of causality) in the Himalaya through time difficult.
The South Asian monsoon system primarily affects the continents of South Asia and their surrounding water bodies. In this particular system, summer monsoon blows as onshore northeasterly while winter monsoon blows as offshore westerly. The driving force of monsoon systems is the pressure difference between landmasses and waterbodies.
From May through August, the summer monsoon shifts through a series of dry and rainy phases as the rain belt moves northward, beginning over Indochina and the South China Sea (May), to the Yangtze River Basin and Japan (June) and finally to North China and Korea (July). When the monsoon ends in August, the rain belt moves back to South China.
Climate of South Asia is largely characterized by monsoons. South Asia depends critically on monsoon rainfall. [202] Two monsoon systems exist in the region: [203] The summer monsoon: Wind blows from the southwest to most parts of the region. It accounts for 70%–90% of the annual precipitation. The winter monsoon: Wind blows from the northeast.
Climate of Vietnam. Vietnam has a monsoon-influenced climate typical of that of mainland Southeast Asia. [1]: 25 The diverse topography, long latitude (Vietnam spans over 15° of latitude), and influences from the South China Sea lead to climatic conditions varying significantly between regions. [2] The northern region experiences a monsoonal ...
Of the major monsoon systems, only the North American monsoon is expected to have substantial decreases in total precipitation, with the most likely outcome being a 1%-6% reduction in summer rainfall.