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tPA has also been given to patients with acute ischemic stroke above age 90 years old. Although a small fraction of patients 90 years and above treated with tPA for acute ischemic stroke recover, most patients have a poor 30-day functional outcome or die. [16]
Alteplase, sold under the brand name Activase among others, is a biosynthetic form of human tissue-type plasminogen activator (t-PA). It is a thrombolytic medication used to treat acute ischemic stroke, acute ST-elevation myocardial infarction (a type of heart attack), pulmonary embolism associated with low blood pressure, and blocked central venous catheter. [5]
Plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 is a serine protease, synthesized by endothelial cells, that specifically inhibits tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) and urokinase (uPA). Tissue plasminogen activator and urokinase are the activators of plasminogen and result in the breakdown of blood clots ( fibrinolysis ).
A cerebroprotectant (formerly known as a neuroprotectant) is a drug that is intended to protect the brain after the onset of acute ischemic stroke. [1] As stroke is the second largest cause of death worldwide and a leading cause of adult disability, over 150 drugs have been tested in clinical trials to provide cerebroprotection.
And when stroke patients are taken to an emergency room, the first treatment doctors often consider is a clot-dissolving medicine called tPA, which can make brain bleeding worse.
Thrombolysis, also called fibrinolytic therapy, is the breakdown of blood clots formed in blood vessels, using medication.It is used in ST elevation myocardial infarction, stroke, and in cases of severe venous thromboembolism (massive pulmonary embolism or extensive deep vein thrombosis).
Transcranial Doppler ultrasound was first investigated in 2004, and demonstrated a significant clinical recovery through the use of sonothrombolysis with tPA, specifically through arterial recanalization. [4] Of note, it is important to first rule out hemorrhagic stroke prior to the initiation of thrombolysis.
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