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Hydrofluoric acid is a solution of hydrogen fluoride (HF) in water. Solutions of HF are colorless, acidic and highly corrosive . A common concentration is 49% (48-52%) but there are also stronger solutions (e.g. 70%) and pure HF has a boiling point near room temperature.
Out of the four stable halogens, only fluorine and chlorine have reduction potentials higher than that of oxygen, allowing them to form hydrofluoric acid and hydrochloric acid directly through reaction with water. [17] The reaction of fluorine with water is especially hazardous, as an addition of fluorine gas to cold water will produce ...
Hydrogen fluoride is typically produced by the reaction between sulfuric acid and pure grades of the mineral fluorite: [14] CaF 2 + H 2 SO 4 → 2 HF + CaSO 4. About 20% of manufactured HF is a byproduct of fertilizer production, which generates hexafluorosilicic acid. This acid can be degraded to release HF thermally and by hydrolysis: H 2 SiF ...
It is a mixture of a buffering agent, such as ammonium fluoride NH 4 F, and hydrofluoric acid (HF). Its primary use is in etching thin films of silicon nitride (Si 3 N 4) or silicon dioxide (SiO 2), by the reaction: SiO 2 + 4HF + 2NH 4 F → (NH 4) 2 SiF 6 + 2H 2 O
Sodium bifluoride reacts with water or moist skin to produce hydrofluoric acid. It also gives off hydrofluoric acid and hydrogen gas when it is heated to a gaseous state. The chemical can decompose upon contact with strong acids, strong bases, metal, water, or glass. [3] Sodium bifluoride also engages in violent reactions with chromyl chloride ...
Specifically, apatite and fluorapatite are treated with sulfuric acid to give phosphoric acid, a precursor to several water-soluble fertilizers. This is called the wet phosphoric acid process. [5] As a by-product, approximately 50 kg of hexafluorosilicic acid is produced per tonne of HF owing to reactions involving silica-containing mineral ...
Acid catalysis is mainly used for organic chemical reactions. Many acids can function as sources for the protons. Acid used for acid catalysis include hydrofluoric acid (in the alkylation process), phosphoric acid, toluenesulfonic acid, polystyrene sulfonate, heteropoly acids, zeolites.
UF 6 reacts with water, releasing hydrofluoric acid. The compound reacts with aluminium, forming a surface layer of AlF 3 that resists any further reaction from the compound. Uranium hexafluoride is a mild oxidant. [10] It is a Lewis acid as evidenced by its binding to form heptafluorouranate(VI), [UF 7] −. [11]