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The plague of Justinian or Justinianic plague (AD 541–549) was an epidemic that afflicted the entire Mediterranean Basin, Europe, and the Near East, severely affecting the Sasanian Empire and the Byzantine Empire, especially Constantinople.
Its impacts were widespread and deadly. "Ancient eyewitnesses report that the sun stopped shining brightly for 14-18 months," McCormick said. ... Dubbed the Justinian Pandemic or the Plague of ...
The Plague of Justinian in AD 541–542 is the first known attack on record, and marks the first firmly recorded pattern of bubonic plague. This disease is thought to have originated in China. [ 19 ] It then spread to Africa from where the huge city of Constantinople imported massive amounts of grain, mostly from Egypt, to feed its citizens.
A book written by David Keys speculates that the climate changes contributed to various developments, such as the emergence of the Plague of Justinian (541–549), the decline of the Avars, the migration of Mongol tribes towards the west, the end of the Sasanian Empire, the collapse of the Gupta Empire, the rise of Islam, the expansion of ...
Plague of Justinian: Bubonic plague 15–100 million 25–60% of European population [5] 541–549 North Africa, Europe, and Western Asia 3 HIV/AIDS pandemic: HIV/AIDS: 44 million (as of 2025) – 1981–present [6] Worldwide 4 Black Death: Bubonic plague: 25–50 million 30–60% of European population [7] 1346–1353 Europe, Asia, and North ...
Warren Treadgold placed greater blame for the vulnerability of the Empire in the late 6th century on the Plague of Justinian in 540–541, which is estimated to have killed up to a quarter of the population at the height of the Gothic War, sapping the Empire of manpower and tax revenues needed to complete the campaign more swiftly. No ruler, no ...
Justinian then demanded Hilderic's release to Constantinople, threatening war otherwise. Gelimer was unwilling to surrender a rival claimant to Justinian, who could use him to stir up trouble in his kingdom, and probably expected war to come either way, according to J.B. Bury. He consequently refused Justinian's demand on the grounds that this ...
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