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JavaScript (/ ˈ dʒ ɑː v ə s k r ɪ p t /), often abbreviated as JS, is a programming language and core technology of the Web, alongside HTML and CSS. Ninety-nine percent of websites use JavaScript on the client side for webpage behavior.
JavaScript is an event-based imperative programming language (as opposed to HTML's declarative language model) that is used to transform a static HTML page into a dynamic interface. JavaScript code can use the Document Object Model (DOM), provided by the HTML standard, to manipulate a web page in response to events, like user input.
mixed mode: PHP + HTML + JavaScript + CSS, single-mode: PHP, Javascript, CSS, XML; extensible Hundreds of languages Syntax checking HTML, CSS, JavaScript (using JSHint) Some No JavaScript (using JSLint) No No HTML, JavaScript (using JSLint) HTML, CSS, JavaScript, TypeScript Tab support Yes Yes Yes Yes Some Yes Yes Yes Indent, new line keeps level
Extensible HyperText Markup Language (XHTML): HTML reformulated in XML syntax. XHTML Basic – a subset of XHTML for simple (typically mobile, handheld) devices. It is meant to replace WML, and C-HTML. XHTML Mobile Profile (XHTML MP) – a standard designed for mobile phones and other resource-constrained devices.
HTML markup consists of several key components, including those called tags (and their attributes), character-based data types, character references and entity references. HTML tags most commonly come in pairs like < h1 > and </ h1 >, although some represent empty elements and so are unpaired, for example < img >.
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JavaScript-based web application frameworks, such as React and Vue, provide extensive capabilities but come with associated trade-offs. These frameworks often extend or enhance features available through native web technologies, such as routing, component-based development, and state management.
JavaScript was released by Netscape Communications in 1995 within Netscape Navigator 2.0. Netscape's competitor, Microsoft, released Internet Explorer 3.0 the following year with a reimplementation of JavaScript called JScript. JavaScript and JScript let web developers create web pages with client-side interactivity.