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  2. Package principles - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Package_Principles

    In computer programming, package principles are a way of organizing classes in larger systems to make them more organized and manageable. They aid in understanding which classes should go into which packages (package cohesion) and how these packages should relate with one another (package coupling).

  3. Composition over inheritance - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Composition_over_inheritance

    Composition over inheritance (or composite reuse principle) in object-oriented programming (OOP) is the principle that classes should favor polymorphic behavior and code reuse by their composition (by containing instances of other classes that implement the desired functionality) over inheritance from a base or parent class. [2]

  4. Code reuse - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Code_reuse

    Code reuse is the practice of using existing source code to develop software instead of writing new code. Software reuse is a broader term that implies using any existing software asset to develop software instead of developing it again. [1] [2]: 7 An asset that is relatively easy to reuse and offers significant value is considered highly ...

  5. Reuse - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reuse

    Reuse is the action or practice of using an item, whether for its original purpose (conventional reuse) or to fulfill a different function (creative reuse or repurposing). It should be distinguished from recycling , which is the breaking down of used items to make raw materials for the manufacture of new products.

  6. Circular economy - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Circular_economy

    In the 2010s, several models of a circular economy were developed that employed a set of steps, or levels of circularity, typically using English verbs or nouns starting with the letter "r". [71] The first such model, known as the "Three R principle", was "Reduce, Reuse, Recycle", [71] which can be traced back as early as the 1970s. [72]

  7. Cradle-to-cradle design - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cradle-to-cradle_design

    Downcycling is the reuse of materials into lesser products. For example, a plastic computer case could be downcycled into a plastic cup, which then becomes a park bench, etc.; this eventually leads to plastic waste.

  8. Equivalence principle - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Equivalence_principle

    The equivalence principle is the hypothesis that the observed equivalence of gravitational and inertial mass is a consequence of nature. The weak form, known for centuries, relates to masses of any composition in free fall taking the same trajectories and landing at identical times.

  9. Resource recovery - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Resource_recovery

    Resource recovery can be enabled by changes in government policy and regulation, circular economy infrastructure such as improved 'binfrastructure' to promote source separation and waste collection, reuse and recycling, [5] innovative circular business models, [6] and valuing materials and products in terms of their economic but also their social and environmental costs and benefits. [7]