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Food insecurity, which can cause malnutrition, can also negatively impact HIV treatment and recovery from opportunistic infections. Similarly, PLWHA require additional calories and nutritionally support that require foods free from contamination to prevent further immunocompromising.
HIV superinfection involves an individual with HIV being infected by a new, phylogenetically distinct HIV strain. [3] Early reports of HIV superinfection were observed in cases of co-infection with HIV-1 and HIV-2. [3] Studies have shown that a lack of neutralizing antibodies against HIV-1 infection predisposes patients to superinfection. [3]
Without treatment, this second stage of the natural history of HIV infection can last from about three years [34] to over 20 years [35] (on average, about eight years). [36] While typically there are few or no symptoms at first, near the end of this stage many people experience fever, weight loss, gastrointestinal problems and muscle pains. [1]
Two types of HIV have been characterized: HIV-1 and HIV-2. HIV-1 is the virus that was initially discovered and termed both lymphadenopathy associated virus (LAV) and human T-lymphotropic virus 3 (HTLV-III). HIV-1 is more virulent and more infective than HIV-2, [20] and is the cause of the majority of HIV infections globally. The lower ...
People living with HIV/AIDS face increased challenges in maintaining proper nutrition. Despite developments in medical treatment, nutrition remains a key component in managing this condition. The challenges that those living with HIV/AIDS face can be the result of the viral infection itself or from the effects of anti-HIV therapy . [1]
Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV) co-infection is a multi-faceted, chronic condition that significantly impacts public health.According to the World Health Organization (WHO), 2 to 15% of those infected with HIV are also affected by HCV, increasing their risk of morbidity and mortality due to accelerated liver disease.
HIV testing is an essential role in reducing HIV infection within communities as it can lead to prevention and treatment of HIV infections but also helps with early diagnosis of HIV. [9] Educating young people in a community with the knowledge of HIV prevention will be able to help decrease the prevalence within the community.
Early treatment of HIV-infected people with antiretrovirals protected 96% of partners from infection. [ 43 ] [ 8 ] Pre-exposure prophylaxis with a daily dose of tenofovir with or without emtricitabine is effective in a number of groups, including men who have sex with men, couples where one is HIV positive, and young heterosexuals in Africa. [ 26 ]
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