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Aerobic vaginitis (AV) is a form of vaginitis first described by Donders et al. in 2002. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] It is characterized by a more or less severe disruption of the lactobacillary flora , along with inflammation , atrophy , and the presence of a predominantly aerobic microflora , composed of enteric commensals or pathogens .
Vaginal wet mount showing slings of pseudohyphae of Candida albicans surrounded by round vaginal epithelial cells, conferring a diagnosis of candidal vulvovaginitis.. A vaginal wet mount (or vaginal smear [1] or wet prep [2]) is a gynecologic test wherein a sample of vaginal discharge is observed by wet mount microscopy by placing the specimen on a glass slide and mixing with a salt solution. [1]
The Nugent Score is a Gram stain scoring system for vaginal swabs to diagnose bacterial vaginosis (BV).The Nugent score is calculated by assessing for the presence of large Gram-positive rods (Lactobacillus morphotypes; decrease in Lactobacillus scored as 0 to 4), small Gram-variable rods (Gardnerella vaginalis morphotypes; scored as 0 to 4), and curved Gram-variable rods (Mobiluncus spp ...
Disruption of the normal flora can cause a vaginal yeast infection. Vaginal yeast infection can affect women of all ages and is very common. The yeast Candida albicans is the most common cause of vaginitis. Specific forms of vaginal inflammation include the following types: Infectious vaginitis accounts for 90% of all cases in reproductive age ...
Although the lactic acid produced by lactobacilli contributes to the vaginal acidity, it is still not proven to be the primary source of low vaginal pH, but the fact remains that most lactobacilli thrive best at a pH < 3.5 . [13] [14] [15] Normal vaginal pH is considered to be under 4.5 with a range of 3.8 to 4.4. [5]
In honor of National Vagina Appreciation Day on April 23, ob-gyns are breaking down a few fascinating facts about vaginas. (Photo: Getty Images) (Getty Images/iStockphoto)
A pH greater than 4.5 is considered alkaline and is suggestive of bacterial vaginosis. [citation needed] The presence of clue cells on wet mount. Similar to the whiff test, the test for clue cells is performed by placing a drop of sodium chloride solution on a slide containing vaginal discharge. If present, clue cells can be visualized under a ...
The vaginal pH will change from being acidic to a more neutral pH at around 4.5 or higher. This is typically taken by placing Litmus test strip on the wall of the vagina. [25] Papillary and reticular, as well as skin and dermal tissue atrophy are observed via histological examinations.