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Bread and circuses" (or "bread and games"; from Latin: panem et circenses) is a metonymic phrase referring to superficial appeasement. It is attributed to Juvenal ( Satires , Satire X), a Roman poet active in the late first and early second century AD, and is used commonly in cultural, particularly political, contexts.
Juvenal (60–140 AD) refers to Rome's Imperial provision of subsidised entertainments and subsidised or free bread to the masses as panem et circenses (bread and circuses). In much modern literature this represents the Annona as a "briberous and corrupting attempt of the Roman emperors to cover up the fact that they were selfish and ...
that the common people—rather than caring about their freedom—are only interested in "bread and circuses" (panem et circenses 10.81; i.e. food and entertainment), that—rather than for wealth, power, eloquence, or children—one should pray for a "sound mind in a sound body" ( mens sana in corpore sano 10.356),
In the episode, Captain Kirk and his companions are forced to fight in gladiatorial games on a planet resembling the Roman Empire, but possessing mid-20th century Earth technology. Its name is a reference to the phrase "bread and circuses" taken from the Satire X written by the poet Juvenal. In modern usage, the phrase implies a populace ...
The Code of Romulus is a children's novella by Caroline Lawrence, published in 2007 to celebrate the 10th anniversary of World Book Day.It is a re-publication of the short story Bread and Circuses that appeared in the anthology The Mammoth Book of Roman Whodunits published in 2003.
Floorplan of Circus Maximus. This design is typical of Roman circuses. The performance space of the Roman circus was normally, despite its name, an oblong rectangle of two linear sections of race track, separated by a median strip running along the length of about two thirds the track, joined at one end with a semicircular section and at the other end with an undivided section of track closed ...
The preserved ruins of Pompeii serve as a window into the gastronomic delights of the Roman Empire. In 2019, an ancient fast-food stall, also known as a thermopolium, was discovered there. City ...
Bread and circuses – Figure of speech referring to a superficial means of appeasement; Capite censi – Lowest class of citizens of ancient Rome; Plebeian Council – Principal assembly of the ancient Roman Republic; Plebism; Proletariat – Class of wage-earners